为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产...为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产量形成的影响及其生理特性。结果表明,品种与直播处理对水稻主要生育时期干物质累积、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、结实期剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流强度、茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量均存在显著影响。不同直播处理下,F优498在产量及生长发育特性各指标上均显著高于徐稻4号。与B3相比,同一品种下机械旱直播各处理均能优化群体茎蘖数,提高成穗率,保证齐穗期适宜的LAI,提高了高效叶面积率,并有利于提高结实期群体光合产物的积累、剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流量及茎秆抗倒伏能力,并在保证一定数量有效穗的前提下,显著提高穗粒数、结实率及千粒质量,是机械旱直播水稻高产的重要原因。不同机械旱直播处理下,B2比B1处理能进一步提高机直播水稻齐穗至成熟期干物质累积并延缓LAI的衰减、增强根系活力及茎秆的抗倒能力,提高了结实率及千粒质量,最终促进了产量的提高,为最佳的机械旱直播方式。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on greenhouse gas emission from rice paddy. [Method] Two rice cultivars currently used in...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on greenhouse gas emission from rice paddy. [Method] Two rice cultivars currently used in the production, Yangdao 6 （an indica） and Yangjing 4038 （a japonica）, were field grown using a direct-seeding method, and four treatments, wheat straw incorporation into soil and traditional flooding （SlF）, non-flooding and wheat straw mulching （NSM）, non-flooding and wheat straw incorporation into soil （NSl） and traditional flooding （no straw returned, Control, TF）, were imposed after sowing to maturity. Effects of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on CH4, N20 and CO2 emissions were investigated by using the method of static chamber-gas chromatographic tech- niques. [Result] Grain yield showed no significant difference between non-flooding and flooding treatments, but was significantly higher under the SlF than under any other treatments. The emission flux of CH4 and CO2 under TF and SlF exhibited a single peak curve, while changed little under the NSl and NSM The emission flux of N2Oshowed multiple perk curves for all the treatments. Compared with TF, SlF significantly increased mean emission flux of CH4 or N2O, decreased emission of N20, while NSl and NSM significantly decreased the mean emission flux of OH4, and increased emission flux of N2O and CO2. SIF also increased Green Warm Potential （GWP） of CH4, N2O and CO2 and the GWP per unit grain yield by 47.3%- 53.7% and 32.2%-39.4%, respectively. Both NSl and NSM decreased GWP by 24.2%-29.6% and 30.1%-35.5%, and the GWP per unit grain yield was decreased by 21.7-27.2% and 25.6%-31.1%, respectively. [Conelusion] both NSl and NSM could significantly reduce greenhouse effect of CH4, N2O and CO2 meanwhile maintain a high grain yield.展开更多
Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Ba...Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.展开更多
文摘为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产量形成的影响及其生理特性。结果表明,品种与直播处理对水稻主要生育时期干物质累积、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、结实期剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流强度、茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量均存在显著影响。不同直播处理下,F优498在产量及生长发育特性各指标上均显著高于徐稻4号。与B3相比,同一品种下机械旱直播各处理均能优化群体茎蘖数,提高成穗率,保证齐穗期适宜的LAI,提高了高效叶面积率,并有利于提高结实期群体光合产物的积累、剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流量及茎秆抗倒伏能力,并在保证一定数量有效穗的前提下,显著提高穗粒数、结实率及千粒质量,是机械旱直播水稻高产的重要原因。不同机械旱直播处理下,B2比B1处理能进一步提高机直播水稻齐穗至成熟期干物质累积并延缓LAI的衰减、增强根系活力及茎秆的抗倒能力,提高了结实率及千粒质量,最终促进了产量的提高,为最佳的机械旱直播方式。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371562,31301276)Special Fund for Fundamental Scientific Research Business of Central Public Research Institutes(Agriculture)(201103003+2 种基金201203079)Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12thFive-year Plan Period(2012BAD04B08)Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province(CX(14)5021)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on greenhouse gas emission from rice paddy. [Method] Two rice cultivars currently used in the production, Yangdao 6 （an indica） and Yangjing 4038 （a japonica）, were field grown using a direct-seeding method, and four treatments, wheat straw incorporation into soil and traditional flooding （SlF）, non-flooding and wheat straw mulching （NSM）, non-flooding and wheat straw incorporation into soil （NSl） and traditional flooding （no straw returned, Control, TF）, were imposed after sowing to maturity. Effects of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on CH4, N20 and CO2 emissions were investigated by using the method of static chamber-gas chromatographic tech- niques. [Result] Grain yield showed no significant difference between non-flooding and flooding treatments, but was significantly higher under the SlF than under any other treatments. The emission flux of CH4 and CO2 under TF and SlF exhibited a single peak curve, while changed little under the NSl and NSM The emission flux of N2Oshowed multiple perk curves for all the treatments. Compared with TF, SlF significantly increased mean emission flux of CH4 or N2O, decreased emission of N20, while NSl and NSM significantly decreased the mean emission flux of OH4, and increased emission flux of N2O and CO2. SIF also increased Green Warm Potential （GWP） of CH4, N2O and CO2 and the GWP per unit grain yield by 47.3%- 53.7% and 32.2%-39.4%, respectively. Both NSl and NSM decreased GWP by 24.2%-29.6% and 30.1%-35.5%, and the GWP per unit grain yield was decreased by 21.7-27.2% and 25.6%-31.1%, respectively. [Conelusion] both NSl and NSM could significantly reduce greenhouse effect of CH4, N2O and CO2 meanwhile maintain a high grain yield.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2010BAD01B06)Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program(BE2012327)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(14)2003)~~
文摘Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.
