Objective To assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods （BRAFO）-tiered approach. Methods Twenty species were collected from the Zhousha...Objective To assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods （BRAFO）-tiered approach. Methods Twenty species were collected from the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury （MeHg）, and dioxin-like compounds （DLCs） in the samples were analyzed for benefit risk assessment based on BRAFO-tiered approach. Results Based on the BRAFO-tiered approach, reference scenario （no intake） and alternative scenario （intake of specific species of 200 g/week） were determined. The exposure to MeHg/DLCs via alternative scenario of all studied species did not exceed provisional tolerable weekly/monthly intake. However, the adult population with high DLCs exposure in China would significantly exceed the upper limit of DLCs via an additional alternative scenario of some species such as Auxis thazard. The results of deterministic computation showed that alternative scenario of all studied species generated clear net beneficial effects on death prevention and child IQ gain. Conclusion The alternative scenario of all studied species could be recommended to population with average DLCs exposure, and the reference scenario of species with relatively high DLCs concentration could be recommended to population exposed to high DLCs.展开更多
Objective To improve the chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)bioassay for detection of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) based on the toxicity mechanisms ofDLCs. Method A recombinant vector was construc...Objective To improve the chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)bioassay for detection of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) based on the toxicity mechanisms ofDLCs. Method A recombinant vector was constructed and used to transfect humanhepatoma (HepG2). The expression of this vector was 10-100 folds higher than that of pGL2used in previous experiments. The transfected cells showed aromatic hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-meditated luciferase gene expression. The reliability of luciferase induction in thiscell line as a reporter of AhR-mediated toxicity was evaluated, the optimal detection timewas examined and a comparison was made by using the commonly used ethoxyresoufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity induction assay. Result The results suggested that theluciferase activity in recombinant cells was peaked at about 4 h and then decreased to astable activity by 14 h after TCDD treatment. The detection limit of this cell line was0.11pmol/L, or 10-fold lower than in previous studies, with a linear range from 1 to 100pmol/L, related coefficient of 0.997, and the coefficient of variability (CV) of 15-30%.Conclusion The luciferase induction is 30-fold more sensitive than EROD induction, thedetection time is 68 h shorter and the detection procedure is also simpler.展开更多
Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxi...Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase （EROD） assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor （Ah-R） agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities （0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw）, but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities （nd to 45%）, progestin receptor antagonistic activities （nd to 80%） and Ah-R agonistic activities （1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）·g-1, dw） were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalent quantity （EEQ） level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health ...Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health and the environment.Atmosphere is the major pathway for PCBs to transport and redistribute in the environment.In order to know levels and patterns of PCBs in background air in China,high-volume air samples were collected at 11 background sites from November 2007 to February 2008.PCBs were extracted from samples by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) and then purified by acid silica column and fluid management systems(FMS).Confirmation and quantitative analysis were performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record mode.Total concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in background air ranged from 348.8 fg/m3 to 1 768.3 fg/m3(0.7-7.4 fg TEQ/m3),and total concentrations of indicator PCBs were from 9.0 pg/m3 up to 85.2 pg/m3,which were both lower than the concentrations of most other regions and countries.展开更多
A new combined reactor with Hg/Ar electrodeless ultraviolet(EDUV)activated by DBD for 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether abatement is presented.The effect of specific input energy and feeding gas component on 3,4-dichlorodiph...A new combined reactor with Hg/Ar electrodeless ultraviolet(EDUV)activated by DBD for 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether abatement is presented.The effect of specific input energy and feeding gas component on 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether removal efficiency has been explored.Compared with a single DBD system,this new combined process performed a significant promotion on 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether abatement.Experiment results verified that active oxygen clearly contributed to the synergistic activity of DBD-EDUV system.Results of emission spectra showed that UV radiation of 253.7 nm could be detected in the DBD-EDUV system.Further,the products of DBD-EDUV process were analyzed via gas chromatographymass spectrometer(GC-MS)to reveal involved decomposition mechanism.展开更多
The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations...The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations and the relative effect potency(REP)were calculated for the target BCCZ in a set of stream sediments collected in 2008 in Ontario,Canada.The levels calculated for BCCZ as compared to those previously assessed for legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the same samples revealed a significant contribution of BCCZ to the total organic chemical contamination(<1%e95%;average 37%).The corresponding dioxin toxic equivalencies(TEQs)of BCCZ in the sediment extracts were estimated from experimental REP data.The experimental data presented supports the classification of this emerging halogenated chemical as a contaminant of emerging environmental concern.Although potential emission sources could not be identified,this study highlights the importance of on-going research for complete characterization of halogenated carbazoles and related compounds.展开更多
基金funded by the National Nature Science of Foundation of China(No.81172675)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB720804)
文摘Objective To assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods （BRAFO）-tiered approach. Methods Twenty species were collected from the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury （MeHg）, and dioxin-like compounds （DLCs） in the samples were analyzed for benefit risk assessment based on BRAFO-tiered approach. Results Based on the BRAFO-tiered approach, reference scenario （no intake） and alternative scenario （intake of specific species of 200 g/week） were determined. The exposure to MeHg/DLCs via alternative scenario of all studied species did not exceed provisional tolerable weekly/monthly intake. However, the adult population with high DLCs exposure in China would significantly exceed the upper limit of DLCs via an additional alternative scenario of some species such as Auxis thazard. The results of deterministic computation showed that alternative scenario of all studied species generated clear net beneficial effects on death prevention and child IQ gain. Conclusion The alternative scenario of all studied species could be recommended to population with average DLCs exposure, and the reference scenario of species with relatively high DLCs concentration could be recommended to population exposed to high DLCs.
文摘Objective To improve the chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)bioassay for detection of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) based on the toxicity mechanisms ofDLCs. Method A recombinant vector was constructed and used to transfect humanhepatoma (HepG2). The expression of this vector was 10-100 folds higher than that of pGL2used in previous experiments. The transfected cells showed aromatic hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-meditated luciferase gene expression. The reliability of luciferase induction in thiscell line as a reporter of AhR-mediated toxicity was evaluated, the optimal detection timewas examined and a comparison was made by using the commonly used ethoxyresoufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity induction assay. Result The results suggested that theluciferase activity in recombinant cells was peaked at about 4 h and then decreased to astable activity by 14 h after TCDD treatment. The detection limit of this cell line was0.11pmol/L, or 10-fold lower than in previous studies, with a linear range from 1 to 100pmol/L, related coefficient of 0.997, and the coefficient of variability (CV) of 15-30%.Conclusion The luciferase induction is 30-fold more sensitive than EROD induction, thedetection time is 68 h shorter and the detection procedure is also simpler.
文摘Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase （EROD） assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor （Ah-R） agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities （0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw）, but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities （nd to 45%）, progestin receptor antagonistic activities （nd to 80%） and Ah-R agonistic activities （1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）·g-1, dw） were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalent quantity （EEQ） level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health and the environment.Atmosphere is the major pathway for PCBs to transport and redistribute in the environment.In order to know levels and patterns of PCBs in background air in China,high-volume air samples were collected at 11 background sites from November 2007 to February 2008.PCBs were extracted from samples by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) and then purified by acid silica column and fluid management systems(FMS).Confirmation and quantitative analysis were performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record mode.Total concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in background air ranged from 348.8 fg/m3 to 1 768.3 fg/m3(0.7-7.4 fg TEQ/m3),and total concentrations of indicator PCBs were from 9.0 pg/m3 up to 85.2 pg/m3,which were both lower than the concentrations of most other regions and countries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21577023)the Special Research Project on Causes and Control Technology of Air Pollution(No.2017YFC0212905)the science and technology innovation action project supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18DZ1202605)。
文摘A new combined reactor with Hg/Ar electrodeless ultraviolet(EDUV)activated by DBD for 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether abatement is presented.The effect of specific input energy and feeding gas component on 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether removal efficiency has been explored.Compared with a single DBD system,this new combined process performed a significant promotion on 3,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether abatement.Experiment results verified that active oxygen clearly contributed to the synergistic activity of DBD-EDUV system.Results of emission spectra showed that UV radiation of 253.7 nm could be detected in the DBD-EDUV system.Further,the products of DBD-EDUV process were analyzed via gas chromatographymass spectrometer(GC-MS)to reveal involved decomposition mechanism.
基金Authors thank Conservation Ontario and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines for this project originated from the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines through the Southern Ontario Stream Sediment Project,a partnership between Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change,Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and Conservation Ontario.
文摘The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations and the relative effect potency(REP)were calculated for the target BCCZ in a set of stream sediments collected in 2008 in Ontario,Canada.The levels calculated for BCCZ as compared to those previously assessed for legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the same samples revealed a significant contribution of BCCZ to the total organic chemical contamination(<1%e95%;average 37%).The corresponding dioxin toxic equivalencies(TEQs)of BCCZ in the sediment extracts were estimated from experimental REP data.The experimental data presented supports the classification of this emerging halogenated chemical as a contaminant of emerging environmental concern.Although potential emission sources could not be identified,this study highlights the importance of on-going research for complete characterization of halogenated carbazoles and related compounds.
