To investigate the epidemiological status of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the drug resistance profiles of such organisms ...To investigate the epidemiological status of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the drug resistance profiles of such organisms Methods A total of 282 clinical isolates of E coli and 180 of K pneumoniae were collected from different districts of Zhejiang Province Inhibitor potentiated broth dilution tests were performed for detecting extended spectrum β lactamases Etests were performed to detect the drug resistance of these strains against nine commonly used antibiotics Results The prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases in E coli and K pneumoniae was 34 0% and 38 3%, respectively The average prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases in E coli and K pneumoniae was 35 7% The resistance prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamase producing strains to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was 40% and 26% respectively, so were those to cefepime, cefoxitin, piperacillin tazobactam, cefoperazone sulbactam, amikacin and ciprofloxacin All these strains were sensitive to imipenem Conclusion The results in this study showed that the prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases was high, while extended spectrum β lactamase producing strains were resistant to most antimicrobial agents except imipenem展开更多
Because laboratory tests are expensive and time-consuming and may not be available to farmers, soil nitrate quick tests are required for optimal nitrogen management strategies in China to increase nitrogen use efficie...Because laboratory tests are expensive and time-consuming and may not be available to farmers, soil nitrate quick tests are required for optimal nitrogen management strategies in China to increase nitrogen use efficiency and to reduce nitrogen losses. A total of 328 soil samples were collected at different soil depths from 225 sites in China, which covered a wide range of climatic and geographic regions, soil types, croplands and soil textures, to evaluate the suitability of a quick reflectometer test method for analysing soil NO3-N in a wide range of soil NO3 concentrations, soil types and cropping systems in China, mainly by comparison of soil NO3-N assessed by a quick-test method （a reflectometer） and a standard laboratory method, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The reflectometer showed excellent agreement with the laboratory HPLC method with regard to soil nitrate contents for all analysed soil samples. The linear regression had slopes of 1 ± 0.08 and intercepts of ± 1.38 mg NO（-,3）-N L^（-1） among different soil types and croplands. Compared with the 1：1 lines, the regression analysis for each soil type showed statistically significant but small differences in slope; the relative difference between the values measured using the two analytical systems varied from -8% to 6%, and there were no differences in intercept except for paddy soil. The reflectometer showed adequate, statistically significant precision in determining soil nitrate contents, and it could therefore be directly used instead of the laboratory methods for soil NO（-,3）-N measurement in China.展开更多
文摘To investigate the epidemiological status of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the drug resistance profiles of such organisms Methods A total of 282 clinical isolates of E coli and 180 of K pneumoniae were collected from different districts of Zhejiang Province Inhibitor potentiated broth dilution tests were performed for detecting extended spectrum β lactamases Etests were performed to detect the drug resistance of these strains against nine commonly used antibiotics Results The prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases in E coli and K pneumoniae was 34 0% and 38 3%, respectively The average prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases in E coli and K pneumoniae was 35 7% The resistance prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamase producing strains to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was 40% and 26% respectively, so were those to cefepime, cefoxitin, piperacillin tazobactam, cefoperazone sulbactam, amikacin and ciprofloxacin All these strains were sensitive to imipenem Conclusion The results in this study showed that the prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamases was high, while extended spectrum β lactamase producing strains were resistant to most antimicrobial agents except imipenem
基金the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (No.00330800A)
文摘Because laboratory tests are expensive and time-consuming and may not be available to farmers, soil nitrate quick tests are required for optimal nitrogen management strategies in China to increase nitrogen use efficiency and to reduce nitrogen losses. A total of 328 soil samples were collected at different soil depths from 225 sites in China, which covered a wide range of climatic and geographic regions, soil types, croplands and soil textures, to evaluate the suitability of a quick reflectometer test method for analysing soil NO3-N in a wide range of soil NO3 concentrations, soil types and cropping systems in China, mainly by comparison of soil NO3-N assessed by a quick-test method （a reflectometer） and a standard laboratory method, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The reflectometer showed excellent agreement with the laboratory HPLC method with regard to soil nitrate contents for all analysed soil samples. The linear regression had slopes of 1 ± 0.08 and intercepts of ± 1.38 mg NO（-,3）-N L^（-1） among different soil types and croplands. Compared with the 1：1 lines, the regression analysis for each soil type showed statistically significant but small differences in slope; the relative difference between the values measured using the two analytical systems varied from -8% to 6%, and there were no differences in intercept except for paddy soil. The reflectometer showed adequate, statistically significant precision in determining soil nitrate contents, and it could therefore be directly used instead of the laboratory methods for soil NO（-,3）-N measurement in China.
