A middle-aged male patient with a right orbital comminuted fracture underwent computer tomography scanning, and a three-dimensional finite element model of the eyes and relevant tissues was established. Optic nerve st...A middle-aged male patient with a right orbital comminuted fracture underwent computer tomography scanning, and a three-dimensional finite element model of the eyes and relevant tissues was established. Optic nerve stress in a hyperbaric oxygen environment was simulated and analyzed by changing the elastic modulus and external pressure of the skull at the damage side. Results showed that stress maximized at the contact site of the optic nerve and the eyeball in the damaged and intact eye orbits. Optic nerve stress at the damaged orbit significantly increased; however, stress in the intact orbit only slightly changed with decreased elastic modulus of the skull while external pressure remained unchanged. Maximum optic nerve stress increased in the damaged and intact side, along with increased external pressure, while elastic modulus remained unchanged. These experimental findings suggested that the optic nerve was compressed under hyperbaric oxygen and optic nerve stress was greater in the damaged orbit than in the intact orbit.展开更多
背景:有限元数值模拟力学实验方法是对人体进行生物力学结构研究的有效手段。目的:建立正常6岁健康儿童肱骨的三维有限元模型。方法:使用某6岁儿童志愿者的人体CT数据,导入到Mimics10.01软件中,应用阈值分割的方法进行肱骨三维重建。运...背景:有限元数值模拟力学实验方法是对人体进行生物力学结构研究的有效手段。目的:建立正常6岁健康儿童肱骨的三维有限元模型。方法:使用某6岁儿童志愿者的人体CT数据,导入到Mimics10.01软件中,应用阈值分割的方法进行肱骨三维重建。运用Geomagic Studio 12.0对模型表面进行表面优化处理及曲面片的划分,然后使用TrueGrid软件进行网格划分,最后对其进行材料属性赋值,完成有限元模型的构建。施加边界条件及约束,模拟肱骨的三点弯曲试验,输出模拟结果。结果与结论:建立完成的肱骨有限元模型包括3024个节点,8节点六面体单元1875个,实验分别加载0.01m/s和3m/s的动态载荷,肱骨中部均发生断裂,载荷-位移曲线与尸体试验结果近似。模拟结果显示,儿童肱骨的有限元模型仿真结果与尸体试验结果较为接近,有限元仿真法可以很好的模拟人体骨骼的物理特性。展开更多
刨花板作为一种人造板材,其表面多孔性致使应变片的粘贴过程十分困难,且涂胶量的多少会直接影响测量的精度。基于对样品变形前后图像分析的数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)技术被用于测量刨花板的力学参数。相比于传统的...刨花板作为一种人造板材,其表面多孔性致使应变片的粘贴过程十分困难,且涂胶量的多少会直接影响测量的精度。基于对样品变形前后图像分析的数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)技术被用于测量刨花板的力学参数。相比于传统的贴应变片法,该技术具有高精度、非接触性及全场测量等优势。"横观各向同性"模型被考虑用来模拟刨花板的力学行为。于是,表征材料力学性能的弹性张量取决于5个独立的弹性参数:纵向、横向弹性模量EL、ET,纵向、横向泊松比νL、νT及纵向剪切模量GL。为了实现这一测量过程,刨花板被切割成一批梁样品,随后被应用于三点弯曲试验。通过比较感兴趣区域(Region Of Interest,ROI)内网格节点位移的测量值与铁木辛柯梁理论解析解,及有限元模型修正(Finite Element Model Updating,FEMU)方法的应用,4个弹性参数ET、GL、EL和νL被成功测量。对比相关文献,该文的测量方法简单易行,测量结果准确,可应用于刨花板材料并推广至各向异性材料的弹性参数测量之中。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program),No.11032008the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program),No. 10872140+1 种基金10702048the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,No.2010021004-1
文摘A middle-aged male patient with a right orbital comminuted fracture underwent computer tomography scanning, and a three-dimensional finite element model of the eyes and relevant tissues was established. Optic nerve stress in a hyperbaric oxygen environment was simulated and analyzed by changing the elastic modulus and external pressure of the skull at the damage side. Results showed that stress maximized at the contact site of the optic nerve and the eyeball in the damaged and intact eye orbits. Optic nerve stress at the damaged orbit significantly increased; however, stress in the intact orbit only slightly changed with decreased elastic modulus of the skull while external pressure remained unchanged. Maximum optic nerve stress increased in the damaged and intact side, along with increased external pressure, while elastic modulus remained unchanged. These experimental findings suggested that the optic nerve was compressed under hyperbaric oxygen and optic nerve stress was greater in the damaged orbit than in the intact orbit.
文摘背景:有限元数值模拟力学实验方法是对人体进行生物力学结构研究的有效手段。目的:建立正常6岁健康儿童肱骨的三维有限元模型。方法:使用某6岁儿童志愿者的人体CT数据,导入到Mimics10.01软件中,应用阈值分割的方法进行肱骨三维重建。运用Geomagic Studio 12.0对模型表面进行表面优化处理及曲面片的划分,然后使用TrueGrid软件进行网格划分,最后对其进行材料属性赋值,完成有限元模型的构建。施加边界条件及约束,模拟肱骨的三点弯曲试验,输出模拟结果。结果与结论:建立完成的肱骨有限元模型包括3024个节点,8节点六面体单元1875个,实验分别加载0.01m/s和3m/s的动态载荷,肱骨中部均发生断裂,载荷-位移曲线与尸体试验结果近似。模拟结果显示,儿童肱骨的有限元模型仿真结果与尸体试验结果较为接近,有限元仿真法可以很好的模拟人体骨骼的物理特性。
文摘刨花板作为一种人造板材,其表面多孔性致使应变片的粘贴过程十分困难,且涂胶量的多少会直接影响测量的精度。基于对样品变形前后图像分析的数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)技术被用于测量刨花板的力学参数。相比于传统的贴应变片法,该技术具有高精度、非接触性及全场测量等优势。"横观各向同性"模型被考虑用来模拟刨花板的力学行为。于是,表征材料力学性能的弹性张量取决于5个独立的弹性参数:纵向、横向弹性模量EL、ET,纵向、横向泊松比νL、νT及纵向剪切模量GL。为了实现这一测量过程,刨花板被切割成一批梁样品,随后被应用于三点弯曲试验。通过比较感兴趣区域(Region Of Interest,ROI)内网格节点位移的测量值与铁木辛柯梁理论解析解,及有限元模型修正(Finite Element Model Updating,FEMU)方法的应用,4个弹性参数ET、GL、EL和νL被成功测量。对比相关文献,该文的测量方法简单易行,测量结果准确,可应用于刨花板材料并推广至各向异性材料的弹性参数测量之中。
文摘短梁剪切(short beam shear,SBS)实验结合数字图像相关技术(digital image correlation,DIC)可实现快速识别单向纤维增强树脂基复合材料的多力学性能参数,而且能够获得复合材料单向应力状态下完整的层间剪切应力-应变行为和层间剪切强度,这对建立厚截面复合材料三维应力状态的强度准则至关重要。为研究实验设计对材料层间剪切力学参数识别精度的影响,本研究首次发展了由四台CCD相机组成的两套立体数字图像相关系统,实测SBS实验加载过程中试样前后表面标距区内应变分布情况。结果表明:由于实验夹具工装配合中存在螺纹间隙,工装刚度不足,试样前后表面剪切应变分布不对称,相对偏差可达44%。一方面提出针对试样前后表面剪切应变非对称性分布、材料剪切力学性能参数识别的新方法,通过采用DIC技术和有限元模型修正技术(finite element model updating,FEMU),将试样前、后表面标距区的实测平均剪切应变和有限元模型相应位置处计算应变数据的方差作为目标函数进行本构参数和偏轴角度的识别,可获得材料完整的非线性剪切本构参数,且识别过程对初始参数不敏感;另一方面通过改进实验夹具提高工装刚度,消除非对称性剪切应变分布现象,准确地识别得到了单向层合板完整的层间剪切应力-应变本构关系参数。
