为减少天然气输送过程因泄漏引发的安全问题,构建埋地燃气管道泄漏扩散过程的三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模型,研究管道入口压力、泄漏孔尺寸、泄漏孔形状和土壤孔隙率等各参数对泄漏量与扩散范围的影响,拟合埋地管道燃气泄漏量与各参数...为减少天然气输送过程因泄漏引发的安全问题,构建埋地燃气管道泄漏扩散过程的三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模型,研究管道入口压力、泄漏孔尺寸、泄漏孔形状和土壤孔隙率等各参数对泄漏量与扩散范围的影响,拟合埋地管道燃气泄漏量与各参数的经验关联式,并通过公开文献中的试验数据进行验证。结果表明：泄漏量与扩散距离都随着管道入口压力、土壤孔隙率和泄漏孔尺寸的增大而增大,管道直径和泄漏孔形状对泄漏量的影响较小;在设定管道入口压力为2.1和156 k Pa的条件下,拟合的经验关联式计算值与试验值的误差分别为7.18%和19.79%,证明关联式具有其有效性,可为计算埋地管道燃气泄漏量提供理论指导。展开更多
Due to the nanometer scale pore size and extremely low permeability of a shale matrix,traditional Darcy＇s law can not exactly describe the combined gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion.Three...Due to the nanometer scale pore size and extremely low permeability of a shale matrix,traditional Darcy＇s law can not exactly describe the combined gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion.Three transport models modified by the Darcy equation with apparent permeability are used to describe the combined gas transport mechanisms in ultra-tight porous media,the result shows that Knudsen diffusion has a great impact on the gas transport and Darcy＇s law cannot be used in a shale matrix with a pore diameter less than 1 μm.A single porosity model and a double porosity model with consideration of the combined gas transport mechanisms are developed to evaluate the influence of gas transport mechanisms and fracture parameters respectively on shale gas production.The numerical results show that the gas production predicted by Darcy＇s law is lower than that predicted with consideration of Knudsen diffusion and the tighter the shale matrix,the greater difference of the gas production estimates.In addition,the numerical simulation results indicate that shale fractures have a great impact on shale gas production.Shale gas cannot be produced economically without fractures.展开更多
The Ordos Basin is a significant petroliferous basin in the central part of China.The Carboniferous and Permian deposits of transitional and continental facies are the main gas-bearing layers in the north part of the ...The Ordos Basin is a significant petroliferous basin in the central part of China.The Carboniferous and Permian deposits of transitional and continental facies are the main gas-bearing layers in the north part of the basin.The Carboniferous and Permian natural gas reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin are mainly tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability,developing lots of ＂sweet spots＂ with comparatively high porosity and permeability.The tight sandstones in the study area are gas-bearing,and the sweet spots are rich in gas.Sweet spots and tight sandstones are connected rather than being separated by an interface seal.Sweet spot sand bodies are vertically and horizontally overlapped,forming a large gas reservoir group.In fact,a reservoir formed by a single sweet spot sand body is an open gas accumulation.In the gentle dipping geological setting and with the source rocks directly beneath the tight reservoirs over a large area,the balance between gas charging into tight reservoirs from source rocks and gas loss from tight reservoirs through caprock is the key of gas accumulation in tight sandstones.Both the non-Darcy flow charging driven by source-reservoir excess pressure difference and the diffusion flow charging driven by source-reservoir gas concentration difference play an important role in gas accumulation.The results of mathematical modeling indicate that the gas accumulation cannot be formed by just one of the above mechanisms.The diffusion of gas from source rocks to reservoirs is a significant mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation.展开更多
文摘为减少天然气输送过程因泄漏引发的安全问题,构建埋地燃气管道泄漏扩散过程的三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模型,研究管道入口压力、泄漏孔尺寸、泄漏孔形状和土壤孔隙率等各参数对泄漏量与扩散范围的影响,拟合埋地管道燃气泄漏量与各参数的经验关联式,并通过公开文献中的试验数据进行验证。结果表明：泄漏量与扩散距离都随着管道入口压力、土壤孔隙率和泄漏孔尺寸的增大而增大,管道直径和泄漏孔形状对泄漏量的影响较小;在设定管道入口压力为2.1和156 k Pa的条件下,拟合的经验关联式计算值与试验值的误差分别为7.18%和19.79%,证明关联式具有其有效性,可为计算埋地管道燃气泄漏量提供理论指导。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51234007, No. 11072268)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1294)+5 种基金the Major Programs of Ministry of Education of China (No. 311009)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20110133120012)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. 11072268)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 11CX05007A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 11CX04022A)Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08028)
文摘Due to the nanometer scale pore size and extremely low permeability of a shale matrix,traditional Darcy＇s law can not exactly describe the combined gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion.Three transport models modified by the Darcy equation with apparent permeability are used to describe the combined gas transport mechanisms in ultra-tight porous media,the result shows that Knudsen diffusion has a great impact on the gas transport and Darcy＇s law cannot be used in a shale matrix with a pore diameter less than 1 μm.A single porosity model and a double porosity model with consideration of the combined gas transport mechanisms are developed to evaluate the influence of gas transport mechanisms and fracture parameters respectively on shale gas production.The numerical results show that the gas production predicted by Darcy＇s law is lower than that predicted with consideration of Knudsen diffusion and the tighter the shale matrix,the greater difference of the gas production estimates.In addition,the numerical simulation results indicate that shale fractures have a great impact on shale gas production.Shale gas cannot be produced economically without fractures.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB209503)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41102086)
文摘The Ordos Basin is a significant petroliferous basin in the central part of China.The Carboniferous and Permian deposits of transitional and continental facies are the main gas-bearing layers in the north part of the basin.The Carboniferous and Permian natural gas reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin are mainly tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability,developing lots of ＂sweet spots＂ with comparatively high porosity and permeability.The tight sandstones in the study area are gas-bearing,and the sweet spots are rich in gas.Sweet spots and tight sandstones are connected rather than being separated by an interface seal.Sweet spot sand bodies are vertically and horizontally overlapped,forming a large gas reservoir group.In fact,a reservoir formed by a single sweet spot sand body is an open gas accumulation.In the gentle dipping geological setting and with the source rocks directly beneath the tight reservoirs over a large area,the balance between gas charging into tight reservoirs from source rocks and gas loss from tight reservoirs through caprock is the key of gas accumulation in tight sandstones.Both the non-Darcy flow charging driven by source-reservoir excess pressure difference and the diffusion flow charging driven by source-reservoir gas concentration difference play an important role in gas accumulation.The results of mathematical modeling indicate that the gas accumulation cannot be formed by just one of the above mechanisms.The diffusion of gas from source rocks to reservoirs is a significant mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation.
