目的了解上海市长宁区居民能量和主要营养素的摄入情况。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取72户居民。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和家庭调味品称重调查,获得营养素摄入量,并与推荐摄入量进行比较。结果共纳入148人,其中男性75人,...目的了解上海市长宁区居民能量和主要营养素的摄入情况。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取72户居民。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和家庭调味品称重调查,获得营养素摄入量,并与推荐摄入量进行比较。结果共纳入148人,其中男性75人,女性73人。每标准人日维生素B1、B2、A和钙摄入量较低。有85.81%的人钙摄入低于平均需要量(EAR),62.84%的人维生素A摄入低于EAR,77.70%的人维生素B1的摄入低于EAR,73.65%的人维生素B2摄入低于EAR。除18~49岁女性,各年龄组的脂肪供能比都超过推荐摄入量。结论上海市长宁区居民能量和主要营养素基本能满足日常需求,但仍有部分营养素缺乏较严重,能量营养素来源不平衡,建议增加奶及其制品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜、水果等食物的摄入。展开更多
Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with d...Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH_(4)^(+) eN and NO_(2) eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25%to 30%,d展开更多
文摘目的了解上海市长宁区居民能量和主要营养素的摄入情况。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取72户居民。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和家庭调味品称重调查,获得营养素摄入量,并与推荐摄入量进行比较。结果共纳入148人,其中男性75人,女性73人。每标准人日维生素B1、B2、A和钙摄入量较低。有85.81%的人钙摄入低于平均需要量(EAR),62.84%的人维生素A摄入低于EAR,77.70%的人维生素B1的摄入低于EAR,73.65%的人维生素B2摄入低于EAR。除18~49岁女性,各年龄组的脂肪供能比都超过推荐摄入量。结论上海市长宁区居民能量和主要营养素基本能满足日常需求,但仍有部分营养素缺乏较严重,能量营养素来源不平衡,建议增加奶及其制品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜、水果等食物的摄入。
基金supported by Bintuan Science and Technology Program (2023AB078)Bintuan Agricultural Innovation Project (NCG202232)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council (NO.202208320271)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_3532,SJCX23_1991)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD),China.
文摘Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH_(4)^(+) eN and NO_(2) eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25%to 30%,d
