With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and f...With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.展开更多
The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alco...The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.展开更多
The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang prop...The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang proposed a method of constructing double loop networks with the minimum diameter for the case of r=1.The method is developed to construct such networks that none of their minimum diameters can be reached at r=1.As a by-product, a flaw in an assertation by Esqu et al. is pointed out.展开更多
The South China Sea（SCS）,the largest marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean,is characterized by frequent occurrence of energetic mesoscale eddies.The eddy diameters range from 100 to 300 km.The eddy lifespan va...The South China Sea（SCS）,the largest marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean,is characterized by frequent occurrence of energetic mesoscale eddies.The eddy diameters range from 100 to 300 km.The eddy lifespan varies from several days to several months with the longest time of seven months（Zheng et al.,2017）.The eddy disturbance reaches down to the ocean bottom layer.展开更多
目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(TU-LESS)治疗不同直径及类型卵巢囊肿的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年3月—2021年5月收治的行TU-LESS治疗的卵巢囊肿98例的临床资料,统计所有患者囊肿直径和类型,比较不同直径和类型卵巢囊肿患者相关指标。...目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(TU-LESS)治疗不同直径及类型卵巢囊肿的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年3月—2021年5月收治的行TU-LESS治疗的卵巢囊肿98例的临床资料,统计所有患者囊肿直径和类型,比较不同直径和类型卵巢囊肿患者相关指标。结果98例卵巢囊肿中,囊肿直径<10 cm 62例,囊肿直径≥10 cm 36例;囊腺瘤52例,子宫内膜异位囊肿26例,囊性畸胎瘤20例。囊肿直径<10 cm和≥10 cm患者术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院天数、术后视觉模拟评分法评分及术后血清雌激素、抗苗勒管激素、卵泡刺激素水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。囊肿直径<10 cm患者手术时间短于囊肿直径≥10 cm患者(P<0.01)。不同类型卵巢囊肿患者上述相关指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TU-LESS治疗不同直径及类型卵巢囊肿均可行。展开更多
Background Following on from an earlier study published in 2008 about left pulmonary artery(LPA)flow measured on serial echocardiography being strongly prognostic in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and ...Background Following on from an earlier study published in 2008 about left pulmonary artery(LPA)flow measured on serial echocardiography being strongly prognostic in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and the ratio of LPA to right pulmonary artery(RPA)diameters being a simple and reliable indicator for commencing nitric oxide(NO)therapy,the ratio of LPA:RPA diameters(PA ratio orPAR)was hypothesized to possibly reflect cardiopulmonary stresses accompanying CDH better.Methods Subjects with isolated left-sided CDH treated between 2007 and 2020 at a single pediatric surgical center were recruited and classified according to survival.Data obtained retrospectively for subject demographics,clinical course,LPA/RPA diameters,and PAR were compared between survivors and non-survivors.The value of PAR for optimizing the prognostic value of PA diameter data in CDH were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results Of 65 subjects,there were 54 survivors(82.3%)and 11 non-survivors(17.7%);7 of 11 non-survivors died before surgical repair could be performed.Mean PAR for survivors(0.851±0.152)was significantly higher than for non-survivors(0.672±0.108)(p=0.0003).Mean PAR for non-survivors was not affected by surgical repair.Characteristics of survivors were:LPA≥2 mm(n=52 of 54;mean PAR=0.866±0.146)and RPA≥3mm(n=46 of 54;mean PAR=0.857±0.152).Non-survivors with similar LPA and RPA diameters to survivors had significantly lower mean PAR.ROC curve cut-off for PAR was 0.762.Subjects with high PAR(≥0.762)required high-frequency oscillatory ventilation/NO less than subjects with low PAR(<0.762)(p=0.0244 and p=0.0485,respectively)and subjects with high PAR stabilized significantly earlier than subjects with low PAR(1.71±0.68 days vs 3.20±0.87 days)(p<0.0001).Conclusions PAR would appear to be strongly correlated with clinical outcome in CDH and be useful for planning management of cardiopulmonary instability in CDH.展开更多
It has long been proposed that emotionally“prepared”(i.e.,fear-related)stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear.However,as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse...It has long been proposed that emotionally“prepared”(i.e.,fear-related)stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear.However,as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse,low-spatial-frequency(LSF)components of the fear-related stimuli,it is plausible that LSF may play a unique role in the unconscious fear conditioning even with emotionally neutral stimuli.Here,we provided empirical evidence that,following classical fear conditioning,an invisible,emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus(CS+)with LSF,but not with high spatial frequency(HSF),can rapidly elicit stronger skin conductance responses(SCRs)and larger pupil diameters than its CS−counterpart.In comparison,consciously perceived emotionally neutral CS+with LSF and HSF elicited comparable SCRs.Taken together,these results support that the unconscious fear conditioning does not necessarily entail emotionally prepared stimuli but prioritizes LSF information processing and highlight the crucial distinctions between the unconscious and the conscious fear learning.These findings not only coincide with the postulation that a rapid,spatial-frequency-dependent subcortical route is engaged in unconscious fear processing but also suggest the existence of multiple routes for conscious fear processing.展开更多
Penta-twinned Ag nanowires（pt-AgNWs） have recently attracted much attention due to their interesting mechanical and physical properties. Here we perform largescale atomistic simulations to investigate the influence ...Penta-twinned Ag nanowires（pt-AgNWs） have recently attracted much attention due to their interesting mechanical and physical properties. Here we perform largescale atomistic simulations to investigate the influence of sample size and strain rate on the tensile strength of pt-AgNWs. The simulation results show an apparent size effect in that the nanowire strength（defined as the critical stress for dislocation nucleation） increases with decreasing wire diameter. To account for such size effect, a theoretical model involving the interaction between an emerging dislocation and the twin boundary has been developed for the surface nucleation of dislocations. It is shown that the model predictions are in quantitative agreement with the results from atomistic simulations and previous experimental studies in the literatures. The simulations also reveal that nanowire strength is strain-rate dependent, which predicts an activation volume for dislocation nucleation in the range of 1–10b^3,where b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector for a full dislocation.展开更多
The commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms.Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through...The commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms.Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through a combination of integrated photonics and metasurface optics.In this work,we combine these two technologies using flip-chip bonding and demonstrate an integrated optical architecture for realizing a compact strontium atomic clock.Our planar design includes twelve beams in two co-aligned magneto-optical traps.These beams are directed above the chip to intersect at a central location with diameters as large as 1 cm.Our design also includes two co-propagating beams at lattice and clock wavelengths.These beams emit collinearly and vertically to probe the center of the magneto-optical trap,where they will have diameters of≈100μm.With these devices we demonstrate that our integrated photonic platform is scalable to an arbitrary number of beams,each with different wavelengths,geometries,and polarizations.展开更多
The surface morphology of Zn O films at different annealing temperatures and the performance of polymer solar cells(PSCs) with Zn O as the electron transport layer are studied.The low temperature sol-gel processed Zn ...The surface morphology of Zn O films at different annealing temperatures and the performance of polymer solar cells(PSCs) with Zn O as the electron transport layer are studied.The low temperature sol-gel processed Zn O film has smoother surface than that in higher temperature,which results in the best photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 3.66% for P3HT:PC61BM based solar cell.With increasing annealing temperature,the photovoltaic performance first deceases and then increases.It could be ascribed to the synergy effects of interface area,the conductivity and surface energy of Zn O film and series resistance of devices.展开更多
AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters ...AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.展开更多
Accurate and fast prediction of thermal radiation properties of materials is crucial for their potential applications.However,some models assume that the media are made up of pure water droplets,which do not account f...Accurate and fast prediction of thermal radiation properties of materials is crucial for their potential applications.However,some models assume that the media are made up of pure water droplets,which do not account for the increasing deviations caused by volcanic eruptions,pollution,and human activities that exacerbate dust production.The distinct radiation properties of water and dust particles make it challenging to determine the thermal radiation properties of water droplets containing dust particles.To address this issue,we investigate the influence of dust particles on light transmission and energy distribution in water droplets using the multiple sphere T-matrix method.By considering different droplet and dust diameters,volume fractions,and position distributions,we analyze how extinction regulation is achieved in dust-containing water droplets.Our results reveal the significant role of dust particles in the thermal radiation effect and provide insights into the electromagnetic properties of colloidal suspensions.Moreover,the dust-induced reestablishment of energy balance raises concerns about environmental management and climate change.This research highlights the importance of accounting for dust particles in atmospheric models and their potential impact on radiative balance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 59975076, 50175092, 50905144)the National Science Found of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 50225518)
文摘With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.
文摘The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
基金Project supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19671057).
文摘The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang proposed a method of constructing double loop networks with the minimum diameter for the case of r=1.The method is developed to construct such networks that none of their minimum diameters can be reached at r=1.As a by-product, a flaw in an assertation by Esqu et al. is pointed out.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476009 and U1405233the IPOVAR Project under contract Nos GASI-IPOVAI-01-02 and GASI-02-SCS-YGST2-02the Foundation of Guangdong Province for Outstanding Young Teachers in University under contract No.YQ2015088
文摘The South China Sea（SCS）,the largest marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean,is characterized by frequent occurrence of energetic mesoscale eddies.The eddy diameters range from 100 to 300 km.The eddy lifespan varies from several days to several months with the longest time of seven months（Zheng et al.,2017）.The eddy disturbance reaches down to the ocean bottom layer.
文摘目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(TU-LESS)治疗不同直径及类型卵巢囊肿的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年3月—2021年5月收治的行TU-LESS治疗的卵巢囊肿98例的临床资料,统计所有患者囊肿直径和类型,比较不同直径和类型卵巢囊肿患者相关指标。结果98例卵巢囊肿中,囊肿直径<10 cm 62例,囊肿直径≥10 cm 36例;囊腺瘤52例,子宫内膜异位囊肿26例,囊性畸胎瘤20例。囊肿直径<10 cm和≥10 cm患者术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院天数、术后视觉模拟评分法评分及术后血清雌激素、抗苗勒管激素、卵泡刺激素水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。囊肿直径<10 cm患者手术时间短于囊肿直径≥10 cm患者(P<0.01)。不同类型卵巢囊肿患者上述相关指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TU-LESS治疗不同直径及类型卵巢囊肿均可行。
文摘Background Following on from an earlier study published in 2008 about left pulmonary artery(LPA)flow measured on serial echocardiography being strongly prognostic in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and the ratio of LPA to right pulmonary artery(RPA)diameters being a simple and reliable indicator for commencing nitric oxide(NO)therapy,the ratio of LPA:RPA diameters(PA ratio orPAR)was hypothesized to possibly reflect cardiopulmonary stresses accompanying CDH better.Methods Subjects with isolated left-sided CDH treated between 2007 and 2020 at a single pediatric surgical center were recruited and classified according to survival.Data obtained retrospectively for subject demographics,clinical course,LPA/RPA diameters,and PAR were compared between survivors and non-survivors.The value of PAR for optimizing the prognostic value of PA diameter data in CDH were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results Of 65 subjects,there were 54 survivors(82.3%)and 11 non-survivors(17.7%);7 of 11 non-survivors died before surgical repair could be performed.Mean PAR for survivors(0.851±0.152)was significantly higher than for non-survivors(0.672±0.108)(p=0.0003).Mean PAR for non-survivors was not affected by surgical repair.Characteristics of survivors were:LPA≥2 mm(n=52 of 54;mean PAR=0.866±0.146)and RPA≥3mm(n=46 of 54;mean PAR=0.857±0.152).Non-survivors with similar LPA and RPA diameters to survivors had significantly lower mean PAR.ROC curve cut-off for PAR was 0.762.Subjects with high PAR(≥0.762)required high-frequency oscillatory ventilation/NO less than subjects with low PAR(<0.762)(p=0.0244 and p=0.0485,respectively)and subjects with high PAR stabilized significantly earlier than subjects with low PAR(1.71±0.68 days vs 3.20±0.87 days)(p<0.0001).Conclusions PAR would appear to be strongly correlated with clinical outcome in CDH and be useful for planning management of cardiopulmonary instability in CDH.
基金grants from the STl2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0204200,2021ZD0203800,and 2022ZD0205000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830037,32020103009,and 32100863)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB32010300)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2018-07 and JCTD-2021-06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘It has long been proposed that emotionally“prepared”(i.e.,fear-related)stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear.However,as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse,low-spatial-frequency(LSF)components of the fear-related stimuli,it is plausible that LSF may play a unique role in the unconscious fear conditioning even with emotionally neutral stimuli.Here,we provided empirical evidence that,following classical fear conditioning,an invisible,emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus(CS+)with LSF,but not with high spatial frequency(HSF),can rapidly elicit stronger skin conductance responses(SCRs)and larger pupil diameters than its CS−counterpart.In comparison,consciously perceived emotionally neutral CS+with LSF and HSF elicited comparable SCRs.Taken together,these results support that the unconscious fear conditioning does not necessarily entail emotionally prepared stimuli but prioritizes LSF information processing and highlight the crucial distinctions between the unconscious and the conscious fear learning.These findings not only coincide with the postulation that a rapid,spatial-frequency-dependent subcortical route is engaged in unconscious fear processing but also suggest the existence of multiple routes for conscious fear processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11372152 and 51420105001)the National Natural Science Foundation of United States (Grant CMMI-1161749)
文摘Penta-twinned Ag nanowires（pt-AgNWs） have recently attracted much attention due to their interesting mechanical and physical properties. Here we perform largescale atomistic simulations to investigate the influence of sample size and strain rate on the tensile strength of pt-AgNWs. The simulation results show an apparent size effect in that the nanowire strength（defined as the critical stress for dislocation nucleation） increases with decreasing wire diameter. To account for such size effect, a theoretical model involving the interaction between an emerging dislocation and the twin boundary has been developed for the surface nucleation of dislocations. It is shown that the model predictions are in quantitative agreement with the results from atomistic simulations and previous experimental studies in the literatures. The simulations also reveal that nanowire strength is strain-rate dependent, which predicts an activation volume for dislocation nucleation in the range of 1–10b^3,where b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector for a full dislocation.
文摘The commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms.Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through a combination of integrated photonics and metasurface optics.In this work,we combine these two technologies using flip-chip bonding and demonstrate an integrated optical architecture for realizing a compact strontium atomic clock.Our planar design includes twelve beams in two co-aligned magneto-optical traps.These beams are directed above the chip to intersect at a central location with diameters as large as 1 cm.Our design also includes two co-propagating beams at lattice and clock wavelengths.These beams emit collinearly and vertically to probe the center of the magneto-optical trap,where they will have diameters of≈100μm.With these devices we demonstrate that our integrated photonic platform is scalable to an arbitrary number of beams,each with different wavelengths,geometries,and polarizations.
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University(No.2014YQ015)
文摘The surface morphology of Zn O films at different annealing temperatures and the performance of polymer solar cells(PSCs) with Zn O as the electron transport layer are studied.The low temperature sol-gel processed Zn O film has smoother surface than that in higher temperature,which results in the best photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 3.66% for P3HT:PC61BM based solar cell.With increasing annealing temperature,the photovoltaic performance first deceases and then increases.It could be ascribed to the synergy effects of interface area,the conductivity and surface energy of Zn O film and series resistance of devices.
文摘AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12035004)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.20JC1414700)。
文摘Accurate and fast prediction of thermal radiation properties of materials is crucial for their potential applications.However,some models assume that the media are made up of pure water droplets,which do not account for the increasing deviations caused by volcanic eruptions,pollution,and human activities that exacerbate dust production.The distinct radiation properties of water and dust particles make it challenging to determine the thermal radiation properties of water droplets containing dust particles.To address this issue,we investigate the influence of dust particles on light transmission and energy distribution in water droplets using the multiple sphere T-matrix method.By considering different droplet and dust diameters,volume fractions,and position distributions,we analyze how extinction regulation is achieved in dust-containing water droplets.Our results reveal the significant role of dust particles in the thermal radiation effect and provide insights into the electromagnetic properties of colloidal suspensions.Moreover,the dust-induced reestablishment of energy balance raises concerns about environmental management and climate change.This research highlights the importance of accounting for dust particles in atmospheric models and their potential impact on radiative balance.
