采用基于M enter k-ωSST两方程湍流模型的脱体涡模拟(D etached Eddy S im u lation,DES)方法,求解N av ier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了超音速下圆柱底部的大分离流动。脱体涡模拟在近物面区采用雷诺平均方法,在其它区域采用Sm agorinsk i...采用基于M enter k-ωSST两方程湍流模型的脱体涡模拟(D etached Eddy S im u lation,DES)方法,求解N av ier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了超音速下圆柱底部的大分离流动。脱体涡模拟在近物面区采用雷诺平均方法,在其它区域采用Sm agorinsk i大涡模拟方法,兼具前者计算量小的优点和后者能模拟大分离湍流流动的优势。与雷诺平均方法的计算结果进行对比发现,DES方法可以更好地模拟分离涡的发展,得到的底部径向压力分布的时间平均值与实验值吻合。展开更多
RAN S(R eyno lds-averaged N av ier-Stokes)加湍流模型是当前计算飞机粘性流场的最常用方法,数值实践说明要计算大分离流动,需要更高级的方法例如LES(Large Eddy S im u lation)或DN S(D irect N S S im u lation)。然而实际雷诺数下,...RAN S(R eyno lds-averaged N av ier-Stokes)加湍流模型是当前计算飞机粘性流场的最常用方法,数值实践说明要计算大分离流动,需要更高级的方法例如LES(Large Eddy S im u lation)或DN S(D irect N S S im u lation)。然而实际雷诺数下,LES和DN S对网格的要求太高,以至目前还难以应用。DES(D etached-Eddy S im u lation)方法结合了RAN S和LES的优点,通过对Spalart-A llm aras湍流模型中长度尺度的修正,在近壁面它体现为RAN S模型的特点,而在远离物面处又保持LES的亚格子模型的特性。论文对比了采用RAN S和DES方法数值模拟翼型失速特性的能力,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,对大分离流动的数值模拟,DES方法体现出更强的能力。展开更多
The separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder is investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation （LES）, Detached-Eddy Simulation （DES, or hybrid RANS/LES methods）, and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes ...The separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder is investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation （LES）, Detached-Eddy Simulation （DES, or hybrid RANS/LES methods）, and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS）. The purpose of this study is to examine some typical simulation approaches for the prediction of complex separated turbulent flow and to clarify the capability of applying these approaches to a typical case of the separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder. Several turbulence models, i.e. dynamic Sub-grid Scale （SGS） model in LES, the DES-based Spalart-Allmaras （S-A） and κ-ω Shear-Stress- Transport （SST） models in DES, and the S-A and SST models in URANS, are used in the calculations. Some typical results, e.g., the mean pressure and drag coefficients, velocity profiles, Strouhal number, and Reynolds stresses, are obtained and compared with previous computational and experimental data. Based on our extensive calculations, we assess the capability and performance of these simulation approaches coupled with the relevant turbulence models to predict the separated turbulent flow.展开更多
Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-tu...Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.展开更多
A numerical study on the acoustic radiation of a propeller interacting with non-uniform inflow has been conducted. Real geometry of a marine propeller DTMB 4118 is used in the calculation, and sliding mesh technique i...A numerical study on the acoustic radiation of a propeller interacting with non-uniform inflow has been conducted. Real geometry of a marine propeller DTMB 4118 is used in the calculation, and sliding mesh technique is adopted to deal with the rotational motion of the propeller. The performance of the DES （Detached Eddy Simulation） approach at capturing the unsteady forces and moments on the propeller is compared with experiment. Far-field sound radiation is predicted by the formation 1A developed by Farassat, an integral solution of FW-H （Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings） equation in time domain. The sound pressure and directivity patterns of the propeller operating in two specific velocity distributions are discussed.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the aerodynamics of a moderate-scale rotor hovering in the Extreme Ground Effect(EGE)where rotor height-offground is below half the rotor radius.The tip vorte...This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the aerodynamics of a moderate-scale rotor hovering in the Extreme Ground Effect(EGE)where rotor height-offground is below half the rotor radius.The tip vortex field was visualized by using the PIV technique.The aerodynamic performance,tip vortex trajectory,wall jet characteristics,surface pressure and velocity fields were measured and analyzed.To explore more deeply the flow mechanisms of the extreme ground effect,Detached Eddy Simulation(DES)was conducted on completely structured meshes.The results showed significant deviations of the rotor performance in EGE from that in Regular Ground Effect(RGE)with the rotor heights of more than half the rotor radius.Moreover,the flow structures of the rotor in EGE are considerably complex,such as the wall jet and groundwash flow separation.The rotor wake flow and tip vortices impact the ground more frequently,resulting in distinctive characteristics of the surface pressure and velocity fields in EGE.展开更多
In order to study the cavitation damage in a side-wall when a sudden lateral enlargement and a vertical drop are imposed at the radial gate, a new arrangement-scheme is proposed, where the sudden lateral enlargement a...In order to study the cavitation damage in a side-wall when a sudden lateral enlargement and a vertical drop are imposed at the radial gate, a new arrangement-scheme is proposed, where the sudden lateral enlargement and the vertical drop can be imposed at the outlet of the gate chamber. The hydraulic characteristics along the side-wall are simulated by the detached eddy simulation and the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The numerical results agree well with those of experiment. The experimental and numerical results show that the flow condition is smooth with only a weak water-wing appearing behind the lateral cavity, and the length of the lateral cavity becomes longer and is mainly affected by the size of the lateral enlargement and the zone of negative pressure after the water impacts the side-wall would disappear. The hydraulic characteristics of the new arrangement-scheme are beneficial to the prevention of the cavitation damage in the side-wall and the Detached Eddy Simulation （DES） with the VOF method can well predict the hydraulic characteristics after the new arrangement-scheme of the sudden lateral enlargement and the vertical drop.展开更多
文摘采用基于M enter k-ωSST两方程湍流模型的脱体涡模拟(D etached Eddy S im u lation,DES)方法,求解N av ier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了超音速下圆柱底部的大分离流动。脱体涡模拟在近物面区采用雷诺平均方法,在其它区域采用Sm agorinsk i大涡模拟方法,兼具前者计算量小的优点和后者能模拟大分离湍流流动的优势。与雷诺平均方法的计算结果进行对比发现,DES方法可以更好地模拟分离涡的发展,得到的底部径向压力分布的时间平均值与实验值吻合。
文摘RAN S(R eyno lds-averaged N av ier-Stokes)加湍流模型是当前计算飞机粘性流场的最常用方法,数值实践说明要计算大分离流动,需要更高级的方法例如LES(Large Eddy S im u lation)或DN S(D irect N S S im u lation)。然而实际雷诺数下,LES和DN S对网格的要求太高,以至目前还难以应用。DES(D etached-Eddy S im u lation)方法结合了RAN S和LES的优点,通过对Spalart-A llm aras湍流模型中长度尺度的修正,在近壁面它体现为RAN S模型的特点,而在远离物面处又保持LES的亚格子模型的特性。论文对比了采用RAN S和DES方法数值模拟翼型失速特性的能力,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,对大分离流动的数值模拟,DES方法体现出更强的能力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90405007)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of SciencesProgram for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University.
文摘The separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder is investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation （LES）, Detached-Eddy Simulation （DES, or hybrid RANS/LES methods）, and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS）. The purpose of this study is to examine some typical simulation approaches for the prediction of complex separated turbulent flow and to clarify the capability of applying these approaches to a typical case of the separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder. Several turbulence models, i.e. dynamic Sub-grid Scale （SGS） model in LES, the DES-based Spalart-Allmaras （S-A） and κ-ω Shear-Stress- Transport （SST） models in DES, and the S-A and SST models in URANS, are used in the calculations. Some typical results, e.g., the mean pressure and drag coefficients, velocity profiles, Strouhal number, and Reynolds stresses, are obtained and compared with previous computational and experimental data. Based on our extensive calculations, we assess the capability and performance of these simulation approaches coupled with the relevant turbulence models to predict the separated turbulent flow.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51139007)State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Open Foundation of China(Grant No.2014-KY-05)
文摘Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11272213)
文摘A numerical study on the acoustic radiation of a propeller interacting with non-uniform inflow has been conducted. Real geometry of a marine propeller DTMB 4118 is used in the calculation, and sliding mesh technique is adopted to deal with the rotational motion of the propeller. The performance of the DES （Detached Eddy Simulation） approach at capturing the unsteady forces and moments on the propeller is compared with experiment. Far-field sound radiation is predicted by the formation 1A developed by Farassat, an integral solution of FW-H （Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings） equation in time domain. The sound pressure and directivity patterns of the propeller operating in two specific velocity distributions are discussed.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.HT-J2019-V-0004-0095)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172174)the Civil Airplane Technology Development Program,China(No.MJ-2020-F-10).
文摘This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the aerodynamics of a moderate-scale rotor hovering in the Extreme Ground Effect(EGE)where rotor height-offground is below half the rotor radius.The tip vortex field was visualized by using the PIV technique.The aerodynamic performance,tip vortex trajectory,wall jet characteristics,surface pressure and velocity fields were measured and analyzed.To explore more deeply the flow mechanisms of the extreme ground effect,Detached Eddy Simulation(DES)was conducted on completely structured meshes.The results showed significant deviations of the rotor performance in EGE from that in Regular Ground Effect(RGE)with the rotor heights of more than half the rotor radius.Moreover,the flow structures of the rotor in EGE are considerably complex,such as the wall jet and groundwash flow separation.The rotor wake flow and tip vortices impact the ground more frequently,resulting in distinctive characteristics of the surface pressure and velocity fields in EGE.
基金supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50779041)the Ph. D. Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20060610039)
文摘In order to study the cavitation damage in a side-wall when a sudden lateral enlargement and a vertical drop are imposed at the radial gate, a new arrangement-scheme is proposed, where the sudden lateral enlargement and the vertical drop can be imposed at the outlet of the gate chamber. The hydraulic characteristics along the side-wall are simulated by the detached eddy simulation and the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The numerical results agree well with those of experiment. The experimental and numerical results show that the flow condition is smooth with only a weak water-wing appearing behind the lateral cavity, and the length of the lateral cavity becomes longer and is mainly affected by the size of the lateral enlargement and the zone of negative pressure after the water impacts the side-wall would disappear. The hydraulic characteristics of the new arrangement-scheme are beneficial to the prevention of the cavitation damage in the side-wall and the Detached Eddy Simulation （DES） with the VOF method can well predict the hydraulic characteristics after the new arrangement-scheme of the sudden lateral enlargement and the vertical drop.
