Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants known to be hazardous to human health. Pine needles and mosses are useful bio-indicators for assessing PAH pollutions;however, the diff...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants known to be hazardous to human health. Pine needles and mosses are useful bio-indicators for assessing PAH pollutions;however, the differences in their PAH uptake mechanisms have not been sufficiently discussed. In this study, the properties of pine needles and mosses as bio-indicators of PAHs were investigated on the basis of differences in their PAH profiles. Five sets each of pine needle and moss samples were collected from circular sampling plots and analyzed for 16 PAHs. A comparison of PAH profiles revealed that the proportion of lower molecular weight PAHs (2 - 3 aromatic rings;LMW PAHs) was significantly higher in pine needles (78.5% ± 4.8%) than in mosses (35.4% ± 6.8%). In contrast, the proportion of higher molecular weight PAHs (5 - 6 aromatic rings;HMW PAHs) was lower in pine needles (4.3% ± 2.9%) than in mosses (25.1% ± 3.3%). Further, the combination of PAH isomer ratios showed that PAH sources between pine needles and mosses were not the same. These differences were explained by their uptake mechanisms and partly by the absorption of PAHs from soil particles by mosses. These findings indicate that pine needles are useful for assessing airborne LMW PAH pollution, whereas mosses can be integrated indicators for assessing complex HMW PAH pollution of the atmospheric and soil environments. On the basis of these properties, the usefulness of these bio-indicators should also be evaluated according to the objective of the assessment and the areas where they are applied.展开更多
离子液体具有独特的催化和溶解双重作用,使其在溶解、催化降解方面有着巨大的潜力。为研究其在人发脱除鳞片中的应用效果,采用[Bmim]Cl、[Amim]Cl、[Bmim]BF4三种离子液体对人发进行脱鳞处理,分析离子液体种类、处理温度及时间等因素对...离子液体具有独特的催化和溶解双重作用,使其在溶解、催化降解方面有着巨大的潜力。为研究其在人发脱除鳞片中的应用效果,采用[Bmim]Cl、[Amim]Cl、[Bmim]BF4三种离子液体对人发进行脱鳞处理,分析离子液体种类、处理温度及时间等因素对鳞片剥离程度的影响。通过扫描电镜照片观察人发表面鳞片脱除效果,并结合处理后的机械性能测试,确定最佳脱鳞工艺。结果表明:采用[Bmim]Cl离子液体,在处理温度90℃,处理30 min后,对人发表面鳞片层脱除效果较好;对处理后的人发进行力学性能测试,断裂强力仍保持在110 c N以上,在脱除鳞片的同时,对人发纤维损伤较小。展开更多
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants known to be hazardous to human health. Pine needles and mosses are useful bio-indicators for assessing PAH pollutions;however, the differences in their PAH uptake mechanisms have not been sufficiently discussed. In this study, the properties of pine needles and mosses as bio-indicators of PAHs were investigated on the basis of differences in their PAH profiles. Five sets each of pine needle and moss samples were collected from circular sampling plots and analyzed for 16 PAHs. A comparison of PAH profiles revealed that the proportion of lower molecular weight PAHs (2 - 3 aromatic rings;LMW PAHs) was significantly higher in pine needles (78.5% ± 4.8%) than in mosses (35.4% ± 6.8%). In contrast, the proportion of higher molecular weight PAHs (5 - 6 aromatic rings;HMW PAHs) was lower in pine needles (4.3% ± 2.9%) than in mosses (25.1% ± 3.3%). Further, the combination of PAH isomer ratios showed that PAH sources between pine needles and mosses were not the same. These differences were explained by their uptake mechanisms and partly by the absorption of PAHs from soil particles by mosses. These findings indicate that pine needles are useful for assessing airborne LMW PAH pollution, whereas mosses can be integrated indicators for assessing complex HMW PAH pollution of the atmospheric and soil environments. On the basis of these properties, the usefulness of these bio-indicators should also be evaluated according to the objective of the assessment and the areas where they are applied.
文摘离子液体具有独特的催化和溶解双重作用,使其在溶解、催化降解方面有着巨大的潜力。为研究其在人发脱除鳞片中的应用效果,采用[Bmim]Cl、[Amim]Cl、[Bmim]BF4三种离子液体对人发进行脱鳞处理,分析离子液体种类、处理温度及时间等因素对鳞片剥离程度的影响。通过扫描电镜照片观察人发表面鳞片脱除效果,并结合处理后的机械性能测试,确定最佳脱鳞工艺。结果表明:采用[Bmim]Cl离子液体,在处理温度90℃,处理30 min后,对人发表面鳞片层脱除效果较好;对处理后的人发进行力学性能测试,断裂强力仍保持在110 c N以上,在脱除鳞片的同时,对人发纤维损伤较小。
