The transitive property of thermal equilibrium is shown to be equivalent to the transitiveproperty of synchronization of rates of coordinate clocks. A necessary and sufficient condi-tion for the validity of the zeroth...The transitive property of thermal equilibrium is shown to be equivalent to the transitiveproperty of synchronization of rates of coordinate clocks. A necessary and sufficient condi-tion for the validity of the zeroth law of thermodynamics in Riemann space time is obtained.It is pointed out that the validation of the zeroth law is a necessary condition to construct"simultaneity surfaces", but not a sufficient condition. The reason why one has to use the"dragged system" in the study of Hawking radiation in Kerr spacetime has been explained.展开更多
We consider that the observable cosmological constant is the sum of the vacuum （Avac） and the induced term （Aind - 3m^2/4） with m being the ultra-llght masses （≈ Hubble parameter） implemented in the theory from...We consider that the observable cosmological constant is the sum of the vacuum （Avac） and the induced term （Aind - 3m^2/4） with m being the ultra-llght masses （≈ Hubble parameter） implemented in the theory from supergravities arguments and non-minimal coupling. In the absence of a scalar buildup of matter fields, we study its effects on spontaneous symmetry breaking with a Higgs potential and show how the presence of the ultra-light masses yields some important consequences for the early universe and new constraints on the Higgs and electroweak gauge bosons masses.展开更多
The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly ex...The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly excited hydrogen atom is detectable.展开更多
The Laws of Classical and Quantum Mechanics are well known. However, their origin remains mysterious and their interpretation controversial. It has been argued that this situation will continue until one manages to de...The Laws of Classical and Quantum Mechanics are well known. However, their origin remains mysterious and their interpretation controversial. It has been argued that this situation will continue until one manages to derive the Laws of Physics from some very first principles. In this paper, we use basic concepts of Differential Geometry to yield the Klein-Gordon equation and the Lagrange equations of Relativistic Mechanics without using the standard postulates of Quantum Mechanics, Special Relativity or even General Relativity.展开更多
Recent astronomical observations manifest that about two-thirds of the whole energy in the Universe is contributed by a small positive cosmological constant A (> 0). Then, an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime is p...Recent astronomical observations manifest that about two-thirds of the whole energy in the Universe is contributed by a small positive cosmological constant A (> 0). Then, an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime is premised naturally. However, physics in the de Sitter spacetime is very different from that in the Minkowski spacetime. As the first step, a covariant formalism of the kinematics in the de Sitter spacetime is presented here. By solving exactly the equations of motion for a field, we obtain the dispersion relation of a free particle. It is noticed that the dispersion relation is dependent on the degree of freedom of angular momentum of the particle. We show the threshold anomaly of the ultra high energy cosmic ray disappears naturally in the framework of the de Sitter kinematics.展开更多
We calculate the Casimir effect at finite temperature in Minkowski spacetime by using statistical method, the approximate expressions of the Casimir effect in the low and high temperature limits are also discussed. Th...We calculate the Casimir effect at finite temperature in Minkowski spacetime by using statistical method, the approximate expressions of the Casimir effect in the low and high temperature limits are also discussed. Then employing some general properties of the renormalized stress tensor, we obtain the Casimir energy stress tensor in Hattie-Hawking state.展开更多
In this paper I have shown that squeezed modified quantum vacua have an effect on the background geometry by solving the semi-classical Einstein Field Equations in modified vacuum. The resultant geometry is similar to...In this paper I have shown that squeezed modified quantum vacua have an effect on the background geometry by solving the semi-classical Einstein Field Equations in modified vacuum. The resultant geometry is similar to (anti) de Sitter spacetime. This geometry could explain the change of causal structure—speed of light—in such vacua without violating diffeomorphism covariance or causality. The superluminal propagation of photons in Casimir vacuum is deduced from the effective electromagnetic action in the resultant curved geometry. Singling between different vacua is shown not to violate causality as well when the geometric effect on the null rays is considered, causing a refraction of those rays when traveling between unbounded and modified vacua.展开更多
Prevailing and conventional wisdom as drawn from both Professor Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (STR) and our palatable experience, holds that photons are massless particles and that, every particle th...Prevailing and conventional wisdom as drawn from both Professor Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (STR) and our palatable experience, holds that photons are massless particles and that, every particle that travels at the speed of light must—accordingly, be massless. Amongst other important but now resolved problems in physics, this assumption led to the Neutrino Mass Problem—namely, “Do neutrinos have mass?” Neutrinos appear very strongly to travel at the speed of light and according to the afore-stated, they must be massless. Massless neutrinos have a problem in that one is unable to explain the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations because this requires massive neutrinos. Experiments appear to strongly suggest that indeed, neutrinos most certainly are massive particles. While this solves the problem of neutrino oscillation, it directly leads to another problem, namely that of “How can a massive particle travel at the speed of light? Is not this speed a preserve and prerogative of only massless particles?” We argue herein that in principle, it is possible for massive particles to travel at the speed of light. In presenting the present letter, our hope is that this may aid or contribute significantly in solving the said problem of “How can massive particles travel at the speed of light?”展开更多
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is built on the original Dirac equation, an equation that exhibits perfect symmetry in that it is symmetric under charge conjugation (C), space (P) and time (T) reversal and any combinati...Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is built on the original Dirac equation, an equation that exhibits perfect symmetry in that it is symmetric under charge conjugation (C), space (P) and time (T) reversal and any combination of these discrete symmetries. We demonstrate herein that while the proposed Lorentz invariant Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations (CSTD-equations) obey C, PT and CPT-symmetries, these equations readily violate P, T, CP and CT-symmetries. Realising this violation, namely the T and CT-violation, we take this opportunity to suggest that the Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations may help in solving the long standing riddle and mystery of the preponderance of matter over antimatter. We come to the tentative conclusion that if these CSTD-equations are to explain the preponderance of matter over antimatter;then, photons are to be thought of as described by the spherically curved version of this set of equations, while ordinary matter is to be explained by the parabolically and hyperbolically curved spacetime versions of this same set of equations.展开更多
In an earlier reading [1], we did demonstrate that one can write down a general spin Dirac equation by modifying the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation via the insertion of the quantity “s” which is identified ...In an earlier reading [1], we did demonstrate that one can write down a general spin Dirac equation by modifying the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation via the insertion of the quantity “s” which is identified with the spin of the particle. That is to say, a Dirac equation that describes a particle of spin where is the normalised Planck constant, σ are the Pauli 2×2 matrices and s=(±1,±2,±3,…,etc.). What is not clear in the reading [1] is how such a modified energy-momentum relation would arise in Nature. At the end of the day, the insertion by the sleight of hand of the quantity “s” into the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation, would then appear to be nothing more than an idea belonging to the domains of speculation. In the present reading—by making use of the curved spacetime Dirac equations proposed in the work [2], we move the exercise of [1] from the realm of speculation to that of plausibility.展开更多
文摘The transitive property of thermal equilibrium is shown to be equivalent to the transitiveproperty of synchronization of rates of coordinate clocks. A necessary and sufficient condi-tion for the validity of the zeroth law of thermodynamics in Riemann space time is obtained.It is pointed out that the validation of the zeroth law is a necessary condition to construct"simultaneity surfaces", but not a sufficient condition. The reason why one has to use the"dragged system" in the study of Hawking radiation in Kerr spacetime has been explained.
文摘We consider that the observable cosmological constant is the sum of the vacuum （Avac） and the induced term （Aind - 3m^2/4） with m being the ultra-llght masses （≈ Hubble parameter） implemented in the theory from supergravities arguments and non-minimal coupling. In the absence of a scalar buildup of matter fields, we study its effects on spontaneous symmetry breaking with a Higgs potential and show how the presence of the ultra-light masses yields some important consequences for the early universe and new constraints on the Higgs and electroweak gauge bosons masses.
文摘The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly excited hydrogen atom is detectable.
文摘The Laws of Classical and Quantum Mechanics are well known. However, their origin remains mysterious and their interpretation controversial. It has been argued that this situation will continue until one manages to derive the Laws of Physics from some very first principles. In this paper, we use basic concepts of Differential Geometry to yield the Klein-Gordon equation and the Lagrange equations of Relativistic Mechanics without using the standard postulates of Quantum Mechanics, Special Relativity or even General Relativity.
基金The work was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10375072).
文摘Recent astronomical observations manifest that about two-thirds of the whole energy in the Universe is contributed by a small positive cosmological constant A (> 0). Then, an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime is premised naturally. However, physics in the de Sitter spacetime is very different from that in the Minkowski spacetime. As the first step, a covariant formalism of the kinematics in the de Sitter spacetime is presented here. By solving exactly the equations of motion for a field, we obtain the dispersion relation of a free particle. It is noticed that the dispersion relation is dependent on the degree of freedom of angular momentum of the particle. We show the threshold anomaly of the ultra high energy cosmic ray disappears naturally in the framework of the de Sitter kinematics.
文摘We calculate the Casimir effect at finite temperature in Minkowski spacetime by using statistical method, the approximate expressions of the Casimir effect in the low and high temperature limits are also discussed. Then employing some general properties of the renormalized stress tensor, we obtain the Casimir energy stress tensor in Hattie-Hawking state.
文摘In this paper I have shown that squeezed modified quantum vacua have an effect on the background geometry by solving the semi-classical Einstein Field Equations in modified vacuum. The resultant geometry is similar to (anti) de Sitter spacetime. This geometry could explain the change of causal structure—speed of light—in such vacua without violating diffeomorphism covariance or causality. The superluminal propagation of photons in Casimir vacuum is deduced from the effective electromagnetic action in the resultant curved geometry. Singling between different vacua is shown not to violate causality as well when the geometric effect on the null rays is considered, causing a refraction of those rays when traveling between unbounded and modified vacua.
文摘Prevailing and conventional wisdom as drawn from both Professor Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (STR) and our palatable experience, holds that photons are massless particles and that, every particle that travels at the speed of light must—accordingly, be massless. Amongst other important but now resolved problems in physics, this assumption led to the Neutrino Mass Problem—namely, “Do neutrinos have mass?” Neutrinos appear very strongly to travel at the speed of light and according to the afore-stated, they must be massless. Massless neutrinos have a problem in that one is unable to explain the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations because this requires massive neutrinos. Experiments appear to strongly suggest that indeed, neutrinos most certainly are massive particles. While this solves the problem of neutrino oscillation, it directly leads to another problem, namely that of “How can a massive particle travel at the speed of light? Is not this speed a preserve and prerogative of only massless particles?” We argue herein that in principle, it is possible for massive particles to travel at the speed of light. In presenting the present letter, our hope is that this may aid or contribute significantly in solving the said problem of “How can massive particles travel at the speed of light?”
文摘Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is built on the original Dirac equation, an equation that exhibits perfect symmetry in that it is symmetric under charge conjugation (C), space (P) and time (T) reversal and any combination of these discrete symmetries. We demonstrate herein that while the proposed Lorentz invariant Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations (CSTD-equations) obey C, PT and CPT-symmetries, these equations readily violate P, T, CP and CT-symmetries. Realising this violation, namely the T and CT-violation, we take this opportunity to suggest that the Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations may help in solving the long standing riddle and mystery of the preponderance of matter over antimatter. We come to the tentative conclusion that if these CSTD-equations are to explain the preponderance of matter over antimatter;then, photons are to be thought of as described by the spherically curved version of this set of equations, while ordinary matter is to be explained by the parabolically and hyperbolically curved spacetime versions of this same set of equations.
文摘In an earlier reading [1], we did demonstrate that one can write down a general spin Dirac equation by modifying the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation via the insertion of the quantity “s” which is identified with the spin of the particle. That is to say, a Dirac equation that describes a particle of spin where is the normalised Planck constant, σ are the Pauli 2×2 matrices and s=(±1,±2,±3,…,etc.). What is not clear in the reading [1] is how such a modified energy-momentum relation would arise in Nature. At the end of the day, the insertion by the sleight of hand of the quantity “s” into the usual Einstein energy-momentum equation, would then appear to be nothing more than an idea belonging to the domains of speculation. In the present reading—by making use of the curved spacetime Dirac equations proposed in the work [2], we move the exercise of [1] from the realm of speculation to that of plausibility.
