The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been recognized.However,the levels of separation within B.tabaci and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups ha...The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been recognized.However,the levels of separation within B.tabaci and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of debate.Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that B.tabaci is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable species.In this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with B.tabaci＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate B.tabaci＇s systematics.We summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of B.tabaci.Crossing studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species pairs.Data from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative species.We then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive incompatibility.Finally,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between B.tabaci groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.展开更多
为明确广东地区传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒（Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V）的烟粉虱隐种,采用分子鉴定、烟粉虱传毒试验与分子检测的方法,对传播CLCu Mu V的烟粉虱隐种进行了鉴定。结果表明：在广东棉花、红麻和黄秋葵曲叶病...为明确广东地区传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒（Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V）的烟粉虱隐种,采用分子鉴定、烟粉虱传毒试验与分子检测的方法,对传播CLCu Mu V的烟粉虱隐种进行了鉴定。结果表明：在广东棉花、红麻和黄秋葵曲叶病发生的田间,2014年采集的30头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为98.3%~99.6%,2015年采集的10头烟粉虱中,8头烟粉虱mt COI与MEAM1隐种序列同源性为99.2%~99.5%,2头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为99.8%~99.9%,说明烟粉虱种群包括入侵隐种MEAM1和土著隐种Asia II 7。在利用烟粉虱人工传毒试验中,MEAM1、Asia II 7和Asia II 1这3个隐种均可在棉花曲叶病株上饲毒获得CLCu Mu V及β卫星分子;除MEAM1隐种外,Asia II 7、Asia II 1隐种可传播CLCu Mu V,侵染红麻及黄秋葵植株引起曲叶病,前者传毒效率分别为50%和100%;而后者为33%和100%。以上3个烟粉虱隐种传毒接种棉花未见成功。展开更多
Fieldwork in Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China, discovered morphologically indis- tinguishable groups of brown frogs that bred at different, exclusive times of the year. A principal components analysis of ...Fieldwork in Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China, discovered morphologically indis- tinguishable groups of brown frogs that bred at different, exclusive times of the year. A principal components analysis of morphometric data, molecular analyses, and the exclusive breeding season suggested the occurrence of two species. The population that breeds during the winter was found to be an undescribed species and was subsequently described as Rana jiemuxiensis sp. nov. The new cryptic species can be identified from its congeners at the same locality by having a different breeding season and a divergent DNA barcode, Six major lineages of brown frogs were resolved with high nodal support. Rana japonica, R. chaochiaoensis, R. omeimontis, and R. jiemuxiensis have independent maternal lineages. Rana hanlunica and R. maoershanensis have essentially identical maternal lineages and they appear to represent the same species. The validity of the species R. longicrus, R. zhenhaiensis, and R. culaiensis and their genealogical relationships are not resolved and deserve further study. The genealogy indicates that sympatric cryptic lineages probably widely exist in the R. longicrus group. This highlights the importance of future more fine-scaled samplings and the inclusion of nuclear genes.展开更多
The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identif...The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.展开更多
【目的】针对粉虱类害虫种类多、体型微小、形态相似、难以准确快速识别的问题,以新入侵我国大陆的甘蓝粉虱Aleyrodes proletella(L.)为靶标,以田间常见的其他10种/隐种粉虱为参照,采用基于线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(mitochondrial...【目的】针对粉虱类害虫种类多、体型微小、形态相似、难以准确快速识别的问题,以新入侵我国大陆的甘蓝粉虱Aleyrodes proletella(L.)为靶标,以田间常见的其他10种/隐种粉虱为参照,采用基于线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I,mt DNA COI)基因的种特异性(species-specific COI,SS-COI)PCR方法,研究其快速分子检测技术。【方法】利用mt DNA COI基因通用型引物LCO-1490/HCO-2198获得甘蓝粉虱及其他常见粉虱的COI序列,根据测序结果设计种特异性SS-COI引物1对(APZYJF/APZYJR),其扩增片段大小为384 bp,同时对该对引物的种特异性及灵敏性进行检测。【结果】种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物仅对甘蓝粉虱的mt DNA COI基因具有扩增效果,对我国常见的其他种类的粉虱包括温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)、柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri(Ashmead)、螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses(Russell)、双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin、非洲伯粉虱Bemisia afer(Priesner et Hosny)以及烟粉虱B.tabaci(Gennadius)5个隐种(MED,Asia I,Asia II 1,Asia II 3和China 1)等不具有交叉反应扩增能力。灵敏性检验结果显示,该对引物不仅对不同性别的成虫具有良好的扩增效能,对2-4龄若虫甚至单粒卵或单头初孵若虫亦具有同样的扩增能力,其最低检测阈值为14.00±0.37 pg/μL(相当于1/25 600头雌性成虫)。【结论】该技术体系完全可用于甘蓝粉虱的快速准确识别及检测监测,对有效阻截其进一步扩张蔓延意义重大。展开更多
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB119203)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(30730061)the ChinaAgriculture Research System(CARS-25-B-08)
文摘The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been recognized.However,the levels of separation within B.tabaci and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of debate.Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that B.tabaci is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable species.In this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with B.tabaci＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate B.tabaci＇s systematics.We summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of B.tabaci.Crossing studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species pairs.Data from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative species.We then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive incompatibility.Finally,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between B.tabaci groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.
文摘为明确广东地区传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒（Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V）的烟粉虱隐种,采用分子鉴定、烟粉虱传毒试验与分子检测的方法,对传播CLCu Mu V的烟粉虱隐种进行了鉴定。结果表明：在广东棉花、红麻和黄秋葵曲叶病发生的田间,2014年采集的30头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为98.3%~99.6%,2015年采集的10头烟粉虱中,8头烟粉虱mt COI与MEAM1隐种序列同源性为99.2%~99.5%,2头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为99.8%~99.9%,说明烟粉虱种群包括入侵隐种MEAM1和土著隐种Asia II 7。在利用烟粉虱人工传毒试验中,MEAM1、Asia II 7和Asia II 1这3个隐种均可在棉花曲叶病株上饲毒获得CLCu Mu V及β卫星分子;除MEAM1隐种外,Asia II 7、Asia II 1隐种可传播CLCu Mu V,侵染红麻及黄秋葵植株引起曲叶病,前者传毒效率分别为50%和100%;而后者为33%和100%。以上3个烟粉虱隐种传毒接种棉花未见成功。
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31090100 and 30700065)
文摘Fieldwork in Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China, discovered morphologically indis- tinguishable groups of brown frogs that bred at different, exclusive times of the year. A principal components analysis of morphometric data, molecular analyses, and the exclusive breeding season suggested the occurrence of two species. The population that breeds during the winter was found to be an undescribed species and was subsequently described as Rana jiemuxiensis sp. nov. The new cryptic species can be identified from its congeners at the same locality by having a different breeding season and a divergent DNA barcode, Six major lineages of brown frogs were resolved with high nodal support. Rana japonica, R. chaochiaoensis, R. omeimontis, and R. jiemuxiensis have independent maternal lineages. Rana hanlunica and R. maoershanensis have essentially identical maternal lineages and they appear to represent the same species. The validity of the species R. longicrus, R. zhenhaiensis, and R. culaiensis and their genealogical relationships are not resolved and deserve further study. The genealogy indicates that sympatric cryptic lineages probably widely exist in the R. longicrus group. This highlights the importance of future more fine-scaled samplings and the inclusion of nuclear genes.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST Grant 2011FY120200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31090250)+5 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS KSCX2-EW-Z-2 KSCX2-EW-Q-9 KSCX2-YW-Z-0807)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan ProvinceNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant 3148 supported preparation of the manuscript
文摘The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.
文摘【目的】针对粉虱类害虫种类多、体型微小、形态相似、难以准确快速识别的问题,以新入侵我国大陆的甘蓝粉虱Aleyrodes proletella(L.)为靶标,以田间常见的其他10种/隐种粉虱为参照,采用基于线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I,mt DNA COI)基因的种特异性(species-specific COI,SS-COI)PCR方法,研究其快速分子检测技术。【方法】利用mt DNA COI基因通用型引物LCO-1490/HCO-2198获得甘蓝粉虱及其他常见粉虱的COI序列,根据测序结果设计种特异性SS-COI引物1对(APZYJF/APZYJR),其扩增片段大小为384 bp,同时对该对引物的种特异性及灵敏性进行检测。【结果】种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物仅对甘蓝粉虱的mt DNA COI基因具有扩增效果,对我国常见的其他种类的粉虱包括温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)、柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri(Ashmead)、螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses(Russell)、双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin、非洲伯粉虱Bemisia afer(Priesner et Hosny)以及烟粉虱B.tabaci(Gennadius)5个隐种(MED,Asia I,Asia II 1,Asia II 3和China 1)等不具有交叉反应扩增能力。灵敏性检验结果显示,该对引物不仅对不同性别的成虫具有良好的扩增效能,对2-4龄若虫甚至单粒卵或单头初孵若虫亦具有同样的扩增能力,其最低检测阈值为14.00±0.37 pg/μL(相当于1/25 600头雌性成虫)。【结论】该技术体系完全可用于甘蓝粉虱的快速准确识别及检测监测,对有效阻截其进一步扩张蔓延意义重大。
