【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展...【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展田间定位试验。采用完全随机区组设计,共设置4个供氮水平,分别为只施底肥对照(CK)、168 kg N·hm^(-2)、240 kg N·hm^(-2)和320 kg N·hm^(-2),研究不同供氮水平对制种玉米父母本生物量、杂交种产量和氮素吸收累积的影响。【结果】制种玉米父母本生物量累积随供氮水平的提高而提高,产量随供氮水平的提高先增加后保持稳定,N240处理同时实现了较高的产量、氮肥利用率和籽粒氮浓度,两年结果较为一致。N168处理在试验第2年达到较高产量,但氮浓度低于N240处理。母本秸秆及父本整株氮浓度均为高氮处理高于低氮处理;灌浆期母本实现最大生物量的临界氮浓度为15.08 g·kg-1,收获期母本生物量与氮浓度呈线性相关。各追施氮肥处理的花后生物量两年间均大于花前,且随供氮水平的提高而提高,花后氮吸收比例随供氮水平的变化规律与生物量一致。N320处理与N240处理的产量水平、生物量累积和氮吸收均无显著差异。综合考虑产量与制种玉米品质时,N240可作为该区域制种玉米生产的推荐施氮量。【结论】优化施氮通过调控制种玉米父母本花前花后氮吸收比例实现增产增效。本研究揭示了优化施氮量稳定花前氮吸收,保障花后氮供应是制种玉米高产高效的关键,为制种玉米绿色生产提供了理论依据。展开更多
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary....Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter (DM) or leaf dry matter (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index (LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen (Nc) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels (0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha?1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration (PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the Nc curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The Nc dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index (NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit (Nand) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha?1 during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The Nc curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.展开更多
文摘【目的】针对我国制种玉米氮素吸收与累积规律不明确的问题,研究制种玉米生物量累积、产量形成和氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应,旨在为制种玉米高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大面积制种的品种组合为试验材料,于2019-2020年开展田间定位试验。采用完全随机区组设计,共设置4个供氮水平,分别为只施底肥对照(CK)、168 kg N·hm^(-2)、240 kg N·hm^(-2)和320 kg N·hm^(-2),研究不同供氮水平对制种玉米父母本生物量、杂交种产量和氮素吸收累积的影响。【结果】制种玉米父母本生物量累积随供氮水平的提高而提高,产量随供氮水平的提高先增加后保持稳定,N240处理同时实现了较高的产量、氮肥利用率和籽粒氮浓度,两年结果较为一致。N168处理在试验第2年达到较高产量,但氮浓度低于N240处理。母本秸秆及父本整株氮浓度均为高氮处理高于低氮处理;灌浆期母本实现最大生物量的临界氮浓度为15.08 g·kg-1,收获期母本生物量与氮浓度呈线性相关。各追施氮肥处理的花后生物量两年间均大于花前,且随供氮水平的提高而提高,花后氮吸收比例随供氮水平的变化规律与生物量一致。N320处理与N240处理的产量水平、生物量累积和氮吸收均无显著差异。综合考虑产量与制种玉米品质时,N240可作为该区域制种玉米生产的推荐施氮量。【结论】优化施氮通过调控制种玉米父母本花前花后氮吸收比例实现增产增效。本研究揭示了优化施氮量稳定花前氮吸收,保障花后氮供应是制种玉米高产高效的关键,为制种玉米绿色生产提供了理论依据。
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0403303)the Shanxi Agricultural University of Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (2016YJ07 and 2016007)
文摘Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter (DM) or leaf dry matter (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index (LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen (Nc) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels (0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha?1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration (PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the Nc curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The Nc dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index (NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit (Nand) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha?1 during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The Nc curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.
