API SPEC5D标准规定的材料性能指标不能反映钻杆抵抗疲劳及腐蚀疲劳的性能。对4个厂家的S135钢级钻杆的材料进行了腐蚀疲劳寿命试验、拉伸性能试验及成分分析。试验结果表明,虽然4种钻杆的化学成分及材料性能都符合标准要求,且材料的拉...API SPEC5D标准规定的材料性能指标不能反映钻杆抵抗疲劳及腐蚀疲劳的性能。对4个厂家的S135钢级钻杆的材料进行了腐蚀疲劳寿命试验、拉伸性能试验及成分分析。试验结果表明,虽然4种钻杆的化学成分及材料性能都符合标准要求,且材料的拉伸强度基本相同,但腐蚀疲劳寿命相差很大。腐蚀疲劳断口观察及断裂机理分析表明,腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机理是阳极溶解与氢致开裂共存,氢致开裂加快了疲劳裂纹扩展。材料低倍组织酸洗检验、显微组织分析表明,4种钻杆的金属组织特别是低倍组织有明显差别。低倍组织反映了成分偏析程度、夹杂物含量及分布等。成分偏析及夹杂物导致材料的阳极溶解、特别是氢致开裂速度加快,所以是腐蚀疲劳寿命减少的主要原因。油田数据验证,钻杆材料的低倍组织酸洗检验可作为间接评定钻杆材料腐蚀疲劳性能的方法。展开更多
目的研究不同静压力条件下,形变诱导纳米化表层对20CrMnTi局部腐蚀萌生行为的影响。方法采用超声滚压技术(USRP,Ultrasonic surface rolling processing)强化20CrMnTi表层,并运用激光共聚焦显微镜、EBSD与电化学方法进行表征,分别评价...目的研究不同静压力条件下,形变诱导纳米化表层对20CrMnTi局部腐蚀萌生行为的影响。方法采用超声滚压技术(USRP,Ultrasonic surface rolling processing)强化20CrMnTi表层,并运用激光共聚焦显微镜、EBSD与电化学方法进行表征,分别评价形变诱导纳米化表层的腐蚀行为以及局部腐蚀行为对表面应力集中状态以及微裂纹萌生行为的影响。结果在弱碱性腐蚀条件下,20CrMnTi表层经超声滚压处理后,试样的点蚀击穿电位出现显著负移。同时,随着滚压压力升高,20CrMnTi表层钝化出现了显著的滞后,致钝电流与维钝电流同步增长,并伴有钝化区间缩小。借助激光共聚焦显微镜高精度三维重构,观测到在模拟弱腐蚀环境下,20CrMnTi超声滚压表面会显现出沿滚压方向凸出的波纹状局部腐蚀纹理,随滚压压力增长,波纹界面位置局部腐蚀损伤呈现一定的加深与拓宽,具有较高的裂纹萌生风险。通过EBSD表征发现,在超高频冲击作用下,20CrMnTi表层晶粒会转化为晶粒取向随机分布的细化表层,但由于波纹两侧晶粒存在取向差异,在滚压头高频多点的冲击作用下,不同取向晶粒的细化机制存在差别,导致波纹两侧晶粒构成电位差异明显的局部腐蚀微电池,呈现较高溶解选择性。结论在超声滚压过程中,20CrMnTi表层晶粒在局部微区范围内会出现明显的细化程度差异,在电化学作用下,细化晶粒间的微区电位差异会导致表面出现选择性溶解,并在晶粒折叠界面处产生波纹状局部腐蚀坑,且伴随超声滚压压力增大,波纹状腐蚀坑会出现明显的拓宽与加深,具有较高的疲劳裂纹萌生风险。展开更多
Corrosion and fatigue cracks are major threats to the structural integrity of aging offshore platforms. For the rational estimation of the safety levels of aging platforms, a global reliability assessment approach for...Corrosion and fatigue cracks are major threats to the structural integrity of aging offshore platforms. For the rational estimation of the safety levels of aging platforms, a global reliability assessment approach for aging offshore platforms with corrosion and fatigue cracks is presented in this paper. The base shear capacity is taken as the global ultimate strength of the offshore platforms. It is modeled as a random process that decreases with time in the presence of corrosion and fatigue crack propagation. And the corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates in the main members and key joints are modeled as random variables. A simulation method of the extreme wave loads which are applied to the structures of offshore platforms is proposed too. Furthermore, the statistics of global base shear capacity and extreme wave loads are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation method. On the basis of the limit state equation of global failure mode, the instantaneous reliability and time dependent reliability assessment methods are both presented in this paper. Finally the instantaneous reliability index and time dependent failure probability of a jacket platform are estimated with different ages in the demonstration example.展开更多
文摘目的研究不同静压力条件下,形变诱导纳米化表层对20CrMnTi局部腐蚀萌生行为的影响。方法采用超声滚压技术(USRP,Ultrasonic surface rolling processing)强化20CrMnTi表层,并运用激光共聚焦显微镜、EBSD与电化学方法进行表征,分别评价形变诱导纳米化表层的腐蚀行为以及局部腐蚀行为对表面应力集中状态以及微裂纹萌生行为的影响。结果在弱碱性腐蚀条件下,20CrMnTi表层经超声滚压处理后,试样的点蚀击穿电位出现显著负移。同时,随着滚压压力升高,20CrMnTi表层钝化出现了显著的滞后,致钝电流与维钝电流同步增长,并伴有钝化区间缩小。借助激光共聚焦显微镜高精度三维重构,观测到在模拟弱腐蚀环境下,20CrMnTi超声滚压表面会显现出沿滚压方向凸出的波纹状局部腐蚀纹理,随滚压压力增长,波纹界面位置局部腐蚀损伤呈现一定的加深与拓宽,具有较高的裂纹萌生风险。通过EBSD表征发现,在超高频冲击作用下,20CrMnTi表层晶粒会转化为晶粒取向随机分布的细化表层,但由于波纹两侧晶粒存在取向差异,在滚压头高频多点的冲击作用下,不同取向晶粒的细化机制存在差别,导致波纹两侧晶粒构成电位差异明显的局部腐蚀微电池,呈现较高溶解选择性。结论在超声滚压过程中,20CrMnTi表层晶粒在局部微区范围内会出现明显的细化程度差异,在电化学作用下,细化晶粒间的微区电位差异会导致表面出现选择性溶解,并在晶粒折叠界面处产生波纹状局部腐蚀坑,且伴随超声滚压压力增大,波纹状腐蚀坑会出现明显的拓宽与加深,具有较高的疲劳裂纹萌生风险。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50609009)
文摘Corrosion and fatigue cracks are major threats to the structural integrity of aging offshore platforms. For the rational estimation of the safety levels of aging platforms, a global reliability assessment approach for aging offshore platforms with corrosion and fatigue cracks is presented in this paper. The base shear capacity is taken as the global ultimate strength of the offshore platforms. It is modeled as a random process that decreases with time in the presence of corrosion and fatigue crack propagation. And the corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates in the main members and key joints are modeled as random variables. A simulation method of the extreme wave loads which are applied to the structures of offshore platforms is proposed too. Furthermore, the statistics of global base shear capacity and extreme wave loads are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation method. On the basis of the limit state equation of global failure mode, the instantaneous reliability and time dependent reliability assessment methods are both presented in this paper. Finally the instantaneous reliability index and time dependent failure probability of a jacket platform are estimated with different ages in the demonstration example.
