Osteoclasts（OCs）seeded on bone slices either drill round pits or dig long trenches.Whereas pits correspond to intermittent resorption,trenches correspond to continuous and faster resorption and require a distinct as...Osteoclasts（OCs）seeded on bone slices either drill round pits or dig long trenches.Whereas pits correspond to intermittent resorption,trenches correspond to continuous and faster resorption and require a distinct assembly of the resorption apparatus.It is unknown whether the distinction between pits and trenches has any biological relevance.Using OCs prepared from different blood donors,we found that female OCs achieved increased resorption mainly through pit formation,whereas male OCs did so through trench formation.Trench formation went along with high collagenolytic activity and high cathepsin K（CatK）expression,thereby allowing deeper demineralization.A specific CatK inhibitor abrogated the generation of trenches,while still allowing the generation of pits.OCs obtained from bone marrow were more prone to generate trenches than those obtained from blood.Scanning electron microscopy of bone surfaces eroded in vivo showed trenches and pits of similar size as those made by OCs in culture.We conclude that the distinction between trench-and pit-forming OCs is relevant to the differences among OCs from different skeletal sites,different individuals,including gender,and results from differences in colIagenolytic power.This indicates a biological relevance and highlights the importance of discriminating between pits and trenches when assessing resorption.展开更多
The spin fluctuation in rubidium atom gas is studied via all-optical spin noise spectroscopy（SNS）.Experimental results show that the integrated SNS signal and its full width at half maximum（FWHM） strongly depend o...The spin fluctuation in rubidium atom gas is studied via all-optical spin noise spectroscopy（SNS）.Experimental results show that the integrated SNS signal and its full width at half maximum（FWHM） strongly depend on the frequency detuning of the probe light under resonant and non-resonant conditions.The total integrated SNS signal can be well fitted with a single squared Faraday rotation spectrum and the FWHM dependence may be related to the absorption profile of the sample.展开更多
The theoretical model of random sequence of exponential attenuate acoustic pulses caused by ship propeller cavitation noise is presented in this paper. Based on it, the spectrum formula of propeller cavitation noise h...The theoretical model of random sequence of exponential attenuate acoustic pulses caused by ship propeller cavitation noise is presented in this paper. Based on it, the spectrum formula of propeller cavitation noise has been derived. It is shown that propeller cavitation noise is composed of continual spectrum and separable line spectrum. The relative amplitude of line spectrum of propeller cavitation noise depends on random swing of acoustic pulse front edge time. In high frequency, line spectrum components in noise approach to zero, and in lower frequency region, line spectrum is much higher than correspondent continual spectrum.The continual spectrum decreases with frequency as inverse square law in high frequency, and increases with frequency square in low frequency, and the spectrum peaks exist in certain lower frequency. The agreement between above mentioned theoretical results and existent measured data is very good.展开更多
0 IntroductionLet Ωbe a smooth bounded domain in R<sup>n</sup> with n】3, consider the problem of finding a function u（x）which satisfieswhere 0【α【1, 1【P=2<sup>n</sup>-1, 2<sup>n<...0 IntroductionLet Ωbe a smooth bounded domain in R<sup>n</sup> with n】3, consider the problem of finding a function u（x）which satisfieswhere 0【α【1, 1【P=2<sup>n</sup>-1, 2<sup>n</sup>=2n/n-2 is the critical exponent for Sobolev embedding H<sub>0</sub><sup>1</sup>→L<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>.Indeed solutions of （0 ,1） correspond to critical points of the functionalBrezis and Nirenberg considered the case α≥1 and p= 2<sup>*</sup> -1, and obtainedTheorem （B , N） Let n≥4, when α=1 and 0 【λ【 λ<sub>1</sub>,there is a solution of （0. 1） ; when α】 1 there is asolution of （0. 1） for any λ】0.The principal tecncihique of argument in [1] is using positive radial solution （0. 3） of equation -△u=u<sup>2</sup><sup>n</sup>-1 in R<sup>*</sup>.展开更多
基金the project nurse,Jane Schwartz Leonhardt,at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Vejle Hospital for her great collaborationfinanced by Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital
文摘Osteoclasts（OCs）seeded on bone slices either drill round pits or dig long trenches.Whereas pits correspond to intermittent resorption,trenches correspond to continuous and faster resorption and require a distinct assembly of the resorption apparatus.It is unknown whether the distinction between pits and trenches has any biological relevance.Using OCs prepared from different blood donors,we found that female OCs achieved increased resorption mainly through pit formation,whereas male OCs did so through trench formation.Trench formation went along with high collagenolytic activity and high cathepsin K（CatK）expression,thereby allowing deeper demineralization.A specific CatK inhibitor abrogated the generation of trenches,while still allowing the generation of pits.OCs obtained from bone marrow were more prone to generate trenches than those obtained from blood.Scanning electron microscopy of bone surfaces eroded in vivo showed trenches and pits of similar size as those made by OCs in culture.We conclude that the distinction between trench-and pit-forming OCs is relevant to the differences among OCs from different skeletal sites,different individuals,including gender,and results from differences in colIagenolytic power.This indicates a biological relevance and highlights the importance of discriminating between pits and trenches when assessing resorption.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91321310 and 11404325)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB922304)
文摘The spin fluctuation in rubidium atom gas is studied via all-optical spin noise spectroscopy（SNS）.Experimental results show that the integrated SNS signal and its full width at half maximum（FWHM） strongly depend on the frequency detuning of the probe light under resonant and non-resonant conditions.The total integrated SNS signal can be well fitted with a single squared Faraday rotation spectrum and the FWHM dependence may be related to the absorption profile of the sample.
文摘The theoretical model of random sequence of exponential attenuate acoustic pulses caused by ship propeller cavitation noise is presented in this paper. Based on it, the spectrum formula of propeller cavitation noise has been derived. It is shown that propeller cavitation noise is composed of continual spectrum and separable line spectrum. The relative amplitude of line spectrum of propeller cavitation noise depends on random swing of acoustic pulse front edge time. In high frequency, line spectrum components in noise approach to zero, and in lower frequency region, line spectrum is much higher than correspondent continual spectrum.The continual spectrum decreases with frequency as inverse square law in high frequency, and increases with frequency square in low frequency, and the spectrum peaks exist in certain lower frequency. The agreement between above mentioned theoretical results and existent measured data is very good.
文摘0 IntroductionLet Ωbe a smooth bounded domain in R<sup>n</sup> with n】3, consider the problem of finding a function u（x）which satisfieswhere 0【α【1, 1【P=2<sup>n</sup>-1, 2<sup>n</sup>=2n/n-2 is the critical exponent for Sobolev embedding H<sub>0</sub><sup>1</sup>→L<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>.Indeed solutions of （0 ,1） correspond to critical points of the functionalBrezis and Nirenberg considered the case α≥1 and p= 2<sup>*</sup> -1, and obtainedTheorem （B , N） Let n≥4, when α=1 and 0 【λ【 λ<sub>1</sub>,there is a solution of （0. 1） ; when α】 1 there is asolution of （0. 1） for any λ】0.The principal tecncihique of argument in [1] is using positive radial solution （0. 3） of equation -△u=u<sup>2</sup><sup>n</sup>-1 in R<sup>*</sup>.
