为了保证环空带压气井生产阶段的井筒完整性,确定气井环空压力安全运行范围,建立了基于API RP 90-2推荐做法的环空带压安全评价方法,重点研究了气井环空带压临界控制值计算方法,提出了1套方便现场应用的环空压力管控图版,针对某环空带...为了保证环空带压气井生产阶段的井筒完整性,确定气井环空压力安全运行范围,建立了基于API RP 90-2推荐做法的环空带压安全评价方法,重点研究了气井环空带压临界控制值计算方法,提出了1套方便现场应用的环空压力管控图版,针对某环空带压气井进行了现场应用研究。研究表明:API RP 90是针对海上油气井环空带压安全评价的推荐做法,在API RP 90-2推荐做法发布以后已不再继续适用于陆上油气井;基于API RP 90-2的推荐做法考虑因素更为全面,推荐在陆上油气井使用;环空带压临界控制值不再是1个固定值,而是随服役时间增长以及相邻和自身环空压力变化等因素不断变化的值。展开更多
To assess the merits of PEGylated poly （lactic-co-glycolic acid） （PEG-PLGA） nanoparticles as drug carriers for tumor necrosis factor-α receptor blocking peptide （TNFR-BP）, PEG-PLGA copolymer, which could be use...To assess the merits of PEGylated poly （lactic-co-glycolic acid） （PEG-PLGA） nanoparticles as drug carriers for tumor necrosis factor-α receptor blocking peptide （TNFR-BP）, PEG-PLGA copolymer, which could be used to prepare the stealth nanoparticles, was synthesized with methoxypolyethyleneglycol, DL-lactide and glycolide. The structure of PEG-PLGA was confirmed with ^1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and the molecular weight （MW） was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Fluorescent FITC-TNFR- BP was chosen as model protein and encapsulated within PEG-PLGA nanoparticles using the double emulsion method. Atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy were employed to characterize the stealth nanoparticles fabricated for morphology, size with polydispersity index and zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency （EE） and the release of FITC-TNFR-BP in nanopartieles in vitro were measured by the fluorescence measurement. The stealth nanoparticles were found to have the mean diameter less than 270 nm and zeta potential less than -20 mV. In all nanoparticle formulations, more than 45% of EE were obtained. FITC-TNFR-BP release from the PEG-PLGA nanoparticles exhibited a biphasic pattern, initial burst release and consequently sustained release. The experimental results show that PEG-PLGA nanoparticles possess the potential to develop as drug carriers for controlled release applications of TNFR-BP.展开更多
文摘为了保证环空带压气井生产阶段的井筒完整性,确定气井环空压力安全运行范围,建立了基于API RP 90-2推荐做法的环空带压安全评价方法,重点研究了气井环空带压临界控制值计算方法,提出了1套方便现场应用的环空压力管控图版,针对某环空带压气井进行了现场应用研究。研究表明:API RP 90是针对海上油气井环空带压安全评价的推荐做法,在API RP 90-2推荐做法发布以后已不再继续适用于陆上油气井;基于API RP 90-2的推荐做法考虑因素更为全面,推荐在陆上油气井使用;环空带压临界控制值不再是1个固定值,而是随服役时间增长以及相邻和自身环空压力变化等因素不断变化的值。
基金Funded by the National 863 Project of China (No. 2004AA215162)
文摘To assess the merits of PEGylated poly （lactic-co-glycolic acid） （PEG-PLGA） nanoparticles as drug carriers for tumor necrosis factor-α receptor blocking peptide （TNFR-BP）, PEG-PLGA copolymer, which could be used to prepare the stealth nanoparticles, was synthesized with methoxypolyethyleneglycol, DL-lactide and glycolide. The structure of PEG-PLGA was confirmed with ^1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and the molecular weight （MW） was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Fluorescent FITC-TNFR- BP was chosen as model protein and encapsulated within PEG-PLGA nanoparticles using the double emulsion method. Atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy were employed to characterize the stealth nanoparticles fabricated for morphology, size with polydispersity index and zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency （EE） and the release of FITC-TNFR-BP in nanopartieles in vitro were measured by the fluorescence measurement. The stealth nanoparticles were found to have the mean diameter less than 270 nm and zeta potential less than -20 mV. In all nanoparticle formulations, more than 45% of EE were obtained. FITC-TNFR-BP release from the PEG-PLGA nanoparticles exhibited a biphasic pattern, initial burst release and consequently sustained release. The experimental results show that PEG-PLGA nanoparticles possess the potential to develop as drug carriers for controlled release applications of TNFR-BP.
