本文首先基于经济学原理,对 DA 和 RT 市场的三种交易模式和两部制电价进行了理论分析。在考虑电力行业独特技术经济特征的基础上,为了保证短期调度的经济效率性,并为长期发电、输电投资提供正确的经济激励。我们认为中国应该考虑放弃...本文首先基于经济学原理,对 DA 和 RT 市场的三种交易模式和两部制电价进行了理论分析。在考虑电力行业独特技术经济特征的基础上,为了保证短期调度的经济效率性,并为长期发电、输电投资提供正确的经济激励。我们认为中国应该考虑放弃发展两部制电价机制,转向发展单一市场出清价格式的完全成本库 DA 和 RT 市场交易模式。同时,考虑到中国电力改革正处于转型期,我们认为,在双边契约,电力交易所和电力库三种完全成本库交易模式中,短期内的最优选择是强制性电力交易所,而在长期内,我国应该大力促进双边交易的发展。展开更多
The paper argues that labor contracts between employees and organization includes two facets, i.e. economic contracts and psychological contracts, and along with enterprise competition becoming fierce increasingly and...The paper argues that labor contracts between employees and organization includes two facets, i.e. economic contracts and psychological contracts, and along with enterprise competition becoming fierce increasingly and labor force becoming diversified all the more, the psychological contracts have crucial effects on employees＇ attitudes, behaviors and performances. We also argue that, under the challenging organization context, if managers want to make strategic partnership with employees, they must link employees with hearts, pay attention to the management of psychological contracts before, during and after signing labor contracts, and keep dynamic equilibrium of psychological contracts.展开更多
Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in ...Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in a decentralized manner,but introduces additional overhead in terms of gas fee and transaction confirmation latency.Hybrid decentralized token exchange(HEX)has been proposed to combine the benefits of CEX and DEX.However,existing HEX is criticized for two issues.First,trading transactions are time-consuming and expensive for frequent token traders.Second,excessive simultaneous transactions might cause the pending transaction congestion in the Ethereum network.In this paper,we propose a payment channel based HEX,which extends existing solutions by adding a new payment channel layer to benefit frequent traders and alleviate the pending transaction congestion.Besides,we propose the very first gas-price vs.transactionconfirmation-latency function to guide Ethereum transaction issuers to choose an optimal gas price that minimizes the overall cost.Extensive simulations are conducted to compare the cost in the proposed HEX with that in the conventional HEX.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism in terms of reducing gas fees and transaction confirmation latency for frequent traders as well as the pending transaction congestion in Ethereum.展开更多
文摘本文首先基于经济学原理,对 DA 和 RT 市场的三种交易模式和两部制电价进行了理论分析。在考虑电力行业独特技术经济特征的基础上,为了保证短期调度的经济效率性,并为长期发电、输电投资提供正确的经济激励。我们认为中国应该考虑放弃发展两部制电价机制,转向发展单一市场出清价格式的完全成本库 DA 和 RT 市场交易模式。同时,考虑到中国电力改革正处于转型期,我们认为,在双边契约,电力交易所和电力库三种完全成本库交易模式中,短期内的最优选择是强制性电力交易所,而在长期内,我国应该大力促进双边交易的发展。
文摘The paper argues that labor contracts between employees and organization includes two facets, i.e. economic contracts and psychological contracts, and along with enterprise competition becoming fierce increasingly and labor force becoming diversified all the more, the psychological contracts have crucial effects on employees＇ attitudes, behaviors and performances. We also argue that, under the challenging organization context, if managers want to make strategic partnership with employees, they must link employees with hearts, pay attention to the management of psychological contracts before, during and after signing labor contracts, and keep dynamic equilibrium of psychological contracts.
基金supported by Blockchain@UBC,Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(RGPIN-2019-06348)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.61902333)Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society(AIRS).
文摘Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in a decentralized manner,but introduces additional overhead in terms of gas fee and transaction confirmation latency.Hybrid decentralized token exchange(HEX)has been proposed to combine the benefits of CEX and DEX.However,existing HEX is criticized for two issues.First,trading transactions are time-consuming and expensive for frequent token traders.Second,excessive simultaneous transactions might cause the pending transaction congestion in the Ethereum network.In this paper,we propose a payment channel based HEX,which extends existing solutions by adding a new payment channel layer to benefit frequent traders and alleviate the pending transaction congestion.Besides,we propose the very first gas-price vs.transactionconfirmation-latency function to guide Ethereum transaction issuers to choose an optimal gas price that minimizes the overall cost.Extensive simulations are conducted to compare the cost in the proposed HEX with that in the conventional HEX.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism in terms of reducing gas fees and transaction confirmation latency for frequent traders as well as the pending transaction congestion in Ethereum.
