Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study exp...Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explores the experiences of women in South Africa who are involuntary childless and explores their psychological and emotional experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET). Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women diagnosed with infertility and who had undergone at least two cycles of IVF-ET were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women perceived themselves as not conforming to a dominant belief system and as a result felt compelled to explore all the medical options available. They reported emotional turmoil characterised by primary binary emotions of anxiety-excitement and nervousness-optimistic. These emotions were experienced throughout the five stages of the IVF-ET treatment cycles. A synopsis of the psychological and emotional responses to the IVF-ET treatment is discussed. The findings of this study suggest the need for the incorporation of a mandatory psychosocial intervention as part of infertility management. Greater attention to the psychological and emotional repercussions of infertility treatment could lead to a more personalised client-approach which, in turn, would prepare infertile women and couples for the emotional demands of the treatment.展开更多
教学模式的设立必须在一定的理论框架下,并要符合语言学习的本质。建构主义学习理论作为教学模式建构的理论框架,具有一定的指导意义。在这个框架下,选取"教""学"观、师生观、学习环境设置三个方面对现有两种较有...教学模式的设立必须在一定的理论框架下,并要符合语言学习的本质。建构主义学习理论作为教学模式建构的理论框架,具有一定的指导意义。在这个框架下,选取"教""学"观、师生观、学习环境设置三个方面对现有两种较有代表性的教学模式PPP和TBLT(Task-based Language Teaching)进行比较,以揭示建构主义理论背景下教学模式建构的新特点,并为今后教学模式的鉴别和选择提供参考。展开更多
“Form-meaning pair”is not a distinctive feature of constructions,but a universal feature of all things.A construction must be a structure.Morphemes are the smallest sound-meaning assemblies,but they only represent a...“Form-meaning pair”is not a distinctive feature of constructions,but a universal feature of all things.A construction must be a structure.Morphemes are the smallest sound-meaning assemblies,but they only represent a symbolic relationship which has no internal structure;thus,they are not constructions.In addition,if morphemes are also treated as constructions,there is a problem of“heterogeneity”in understanding the“form”of constructions.As to the rising“constructionist”and the traditional“atomist”dichotomy,we feel the“constructionist”approach complies better with the actual linguistic life.Construction Grammar leads people to pay close attention to the integrity of constructions and the cognitive mechanisms behind linguistic facts.Therefore,it is of great value both theoretically and practically.However,since Construction Grammar has not yet displayed a distinct value in terms of methodology,we must be careful not to overrate it or overestimate it.展开更多
文摘Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explores the experiences of women in South Africa who are involuntary childless and explores their psychological and emotional experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET). Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women diagnosed with infertility and who had undergone at least two cycles of IVF-ET were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women perceived themselves as not conforming to a dominant belief system and as a result felt compelled to explore all the medical options available. They reported emotional turmoil characterised by primary binary emotions of anxiety-excitement and nervousness-optimistic. These emotions were experienced throughout the five stages of the IVF-ET treatment cycles. A synopsis of the psychological and emotional responses to the IVF-ET treatment is discussed. The findings of this study suggest the need for the incorporation of a mandatory psychosocial intervention as part of infertility management. Greater attention to the psychological and emotional repercussions of infertility treatment could lead to a more personalised client-approach which, in turn, would prepare infertile women and couples for the emotional demands of the treatment.
文摘教学模式的设立必须在一定的理论框架下,并要符合语言学习的本质。建构主义学习理论作为教学模式建构的理论框架,具有一定的指导意义。在这个框架下,选取"教""学"观、师生观、学习环境设置三个方面对现有两种较有代表性的教学模式PPP和TBLT(Task-based Language Teaching)进行比较,以揭示建构主义理论背景下教学模式建构的新特点,并为今后教学模式的鉴别和选择提供参考。
基金the 2013 major project of the Key Research Bases of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China“Research on the Establishment and Application of the Knowledge Database of Modern Chinese Construction Grammar”(13JJD740001)the 2015 major project of the Key Research Bases of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China“Semantic analysis of Construction Grammar and Its Annotation in the Corpus”(15JJD740002).
文摘“Form-meaning pair”is not a distinctive feature of constructions,but a universal feature of all things.A construction must be a structure.Morphemes are the smallest sound-meaning assemblies,but they only represent a symbolic relationship which has no internal structure;thus,they are not constructions.In addition,if morphemes are also treated as constructions,there is a problem of“heterogeneity”in understanding the“form”of constructions.As to the rising“constructionist”and the traditional“atomist”dichotomy,we feel the“constructionist”approach complies better with the actual linguistic life.Construction Grammar leads people to pay close attention to the integrity of constructions and the cognitive mechanisms behind linguistic facts.Therefore,it is of great value both theoretically and practically.However,since Construction Grammar has not yet displayed a distinct value in terms of methodology,we must be careful not to overrate it or overestimate it.
