This paper deals with nonlinear expectations. The author obtains a nonlinear gen- eralization of the well-known Kolmogorov’s consistent theorem and then use it to con- struct ?ltration-consistent nonlinear expectatio...This paper deals with nonlinear expectations. The author obtains a nonlinear gen- eralization of the well-known Kolmogorov’s consistent theorem and then use it to con- struct ?ltration-consistent nonlinear expectations via nonlinear Markov chains. Com- pared to the author’s previous results, i.e., the theory of g-expectations introduced via BSDE on a probability space, the present framework is not based on a given probabil- ity measure. Many fully nonlinear and singular situations are covered. The induced topology is a natural generalization of Lp-norms and L∞-norm in linear situations. The author also obtains the existence and uniqueness result of BSDE under this new framework and develops a nonlinear type of von Neumann-Morgenstern representation theorem to utilities and present dynamic risk measures.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs) play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development. However, their function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice(Oryza sativa L.) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the r...Brassinosteroids(BRs) play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development. However, their function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice(Oryza sativa L.) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of these phytohormones in spikelet development in fieldgrown rice subjected to five different nitrogen(N)fertilization treatments during panicle differentiation. BR levels and expression of genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction were measured in spikelets. Pollen fertility and the number of differentiated spikelets were closely associated with 24-epicastasterone(24-epiCS) and 28-homobrassinolide(28-homoBL) levels in spikelets.Enhanced BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, in response to N treatment, enhanced spikelet differentiation, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield. Increases in proton-pumping ATPase activity, ATPconcentration, energy charge, and antioxidant system(AOS) levels were consistent with 24-epiCS and28-homoBL concentrations. Exogenous application of 24-epiCS or 28-homoBL on young panicles induced a marked increase in endogenous 24-epiCS or 28-homoBL levels, energy charge, AOS levels, spikelet differentiation, and panicle weight. The opposite effects were observed following treatment with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor. Our findings indicate that, in rice, BRs mediate the effects of N fertilization on spikelet development and play a role in promoting spikelet development through increasing AOS levels and energy charge during panicle development.展开更多
A consistent tanh expansion （CTE） method is developed for the dispersion water wave （DWW） system. For the CTE solvable DlVVC system, there are two branches related to tanh expansion, the main branch is consistent ...A consistent tanh expansion （CTE） method is developed for the dispersion water wave （DWW） system. For the CTE solvable DlVVC system, there are two branches related to tanh expansion, the main branch is consistent while the auxiliary branch is not consistent. From the consistent branch, we can obtain infinitely many exact significant solutions including the soliton-resonant solutions and soliton-periodic wave interactions. From the inconsistent branch, only one special solution can be found. The CTE related nonlocal symmetries are also proposed. The nonlocai symmetries can be localized to find finite Backlund transformations by prolonging the model to an enlarged one.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of two commonly used approaches to discretize offshore fish cages： the lumped-mass approach and the finite element technique. Two case studies are chosen to...The goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of two commonly used approaches to discretize offshore fish cages： the lumped-mass approach and the finite element technique. Two case studies are chosen to compare predictions of the LMA（lumped-mass approach） and FEA（finite element analysis） based numerical modeling techniques. In both case studies, we consider several loading conditions consisting of different uniform currents and monochromatic waves. We investigate motion of the cage, its deformation, and the resultant tension in the mooring lines. Both model predictions are sufficient close to the experimental data, but for the first experiment, the DUT-Flex Sim predictions are slightly more accurate than the ones provided by Aqua-FETM. According to the comparisons, both models can be successfully utilized to the design and analysis of the offshore fish cages provided that an appropriate safety factor is chosen.展开更多
In this paper, a consistent Riccati expansion method is developed to solve nonlinear fractional partial differential equations involving Jumarie＇s modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The efficiency and power of t...In this paper, a consistent Riccati expansion method is developed to solve nonlinear fractional partial differential equations involving Jumarie＇s modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The efficiency and power of this approach are demonstrated by applying it successfully to some important fractional differential equations, namely, the time fractional Burgers, fractional Sawada–Kotera, and fractional coupled mKdV equation. A variety of new exact solutions to these equations under study are constructed.展开更多
This paper studies the identification of linear systems with quantized output observations.Recursive estimates for the linear system and the quantization thresholds are derived by the stochastic approximation algorith...This paper studies the identification of linear systems with quantized output observations.Recursive estimates for the linear system and the quantization thresholds are derived by the stochastic approximation algorithms with expanding truncations(SAAWET).Under suitable conditions,it is shown that the estimates converge to the true values almost surely.展开更多
The compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability of accelerated ablation front is analysed in consideration of the preheat effects, and the corresponding eigen-problem is solved numerically using the fourth-order accurate...The compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability of accelerated ablation front is analysed in consideration of the preheat effects, and the corresponding eigen-problem is solved numerically using the fourth-order accurate two- point compact difference scheme. Both the growth rate and perturbation profiles are obtained, and the obtained growth rate is close to the results of direct numerical simulation. Our results show that the growth rate is more reduced and the cutoff wave length becomes longer as preheat increases.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10131040).
文摘This paper deals with nonlinear expectations. The author obtains a nonlinear gen- eralization of the well-known Kolmogorov’s consistent theorem and then use it to con- struct ?ltration-consistent nonlinear expectations via nonlinear Markov chains. Com- pared to the author’s previous results, i.e., the theory of g-expectations introduced via BSDE on a probability space, the present framework is not based on a given probabil- ity measure. Many fully nonlinear and singular situations are covered. The induced topology is a natural generalization of Lp-norms and L∞-norm in linear situations. The author also obtains the existence and uniqueness result of BSDE under this new framework and develops a nonlinear type of von Neumann-Morgenstern representation theorem to utilities and present dynamic risk measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471438, 31461143015, 31771710)the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014AA10A605)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300206-4)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)Jiangsu Creation Program for Post-graduation Students (KYLX16_1398)the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University (2015-01)
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs) play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development. However, their function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice(Oryza sativa L.) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of these phytohormones in spikelet development in fieldgrown rice subjected to five different nitrogen(N)fertilization treatments during panicle differentiation. BR levels and expression of genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction were measured in spikelets. Pollen fertility and the number of differentiated spikelets were closely associated with 24-epicastasterone(24-epiCS) and 28-homobrassinolide(28-homoBL) levels in spikelets.Enhanced BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, in response to N treatment, enhanced spikelet differentiation, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield. Increases in proton-pumping ATPase activity, ATPconcentration, energy charge, and antioxidant system(AOS) levels were consistent with 24-epiCS and28-homoBL concentrations. Exogenous application of 24-epiCS or 28-homoBL on young panicles induced a marked increase in endogenous 24-epiCS or 28-homoBL levels, energy charge, AOS levels, spikelet differentiation, and panicle weight. The opposite effects were observed following treatment with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor. Our findings indicate that, in rice, BRs mediate the effects of N fertilization on spikelet development and play a role in promoting spikelet development through increasing AOS levels and energy charge during panicle development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos.11175092,11275123,11205092,and 10905038Talent FundK.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘A consistent tanh expansion （CTE） method is developed for the dispersion water wave （DWW） system. For the CTE solvable DlVVC system, there are two branches related to tanh expansion, the main branch is consistent while the auxiliary branch is not consistent. From the consistent branch, we can obtain infinitely many exact significant solutions including the soliton-resonant solutions and soliton-periodic wave interactions. From the inconsistent branch, only one special solution can be found. The CTE related nonlocal symmetries are also proposed. The nonlocai symmetries can be localized to find finite Backlund transformations by prolonging the model to an enlarged one.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51239002 and 51221961)Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2014008)
文摘The goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of two commonly used approaches to discretize offshore fish cages： the lumped-mass approach and the finite element technique. Two case studies are chosen to compare predictions of the LMA（lumped-mass approach） and FEA（finite element analysis） based numerical modeling techniques. In both case studies, we consider several loading conditions consisting of different uniform currents and monochromatic waves. We investigate motion of the cage, its deformation, and the resultant tension in the mooring lines. Both model predictions are sufficient close to the experimental data, but for the first experiment, the DUT-Flex Sim predictions are slightly more accurate than the ones provided by Aqua-FETM. According to the comparisons, both models can be successfully utilized to the design and analysis of the offshore fish cages provided that an appropriate safety factor is chosen.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11101332,11201371,11371293 the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant No.2015JM1037
文摘In this paper, a consistent Riccati expansion method is developed to solve nonlinear fractional partial differential equations involving Jumarie＇s modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The efficiency and power of this approach are demonstrated by applying it successfully to some important fractional differential equations, namely, the time fractional Burgers, fractional Sawada–Kotera, and fractional coupled mKdV equation. A variety of new exact solutions to these equations under study are constructed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11571186
文摘This paper studies the identification of linear systems with quantized output observations.Recursive estimates for the linear system and the quantization thresholds are derived by the stochastic approximation algorithms with expanding truncations(SAAWET).Under suitable conditions,it is shown that the estimates converge to the true values almost surely.
文摘The compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability of accelerated ablation front is analysed in consideration of the preheat effects, and the corresponding eigen-problem is solved numerically using the fourth-order accurate two- point compact difference scheme. Both the growth rate and perturbation profiles are obtained, and the obtained growth rate is close to the results of direct numerical simulation. Our results show that the growth rate is more reduced and the cutoff wave length becomes longer as preheat increases.
