Set in modern Shanghai's concessions, this paper reviews and identifies the evolution of public transport in Shanghai's concessions from such perspectives as the distribution of public transport lines, the gro...Set in modern Shanghai's concessions, this paper reviews and identifies the evolution of public transport in Shanghai's concessions from such perspectives as the distribution of public transport lines, the growth of passenger volume, and traffic management. Then, by using quantitative analysis and superposing related statistical data with historical maps, it analyzes the relationship between the density of the public transport network and the land price zoning. The paper concludes that public transport has great influences on the modernization of urban space and public life in modern Shanghai.展开更多
This article examines what is being promoted about Tianjin’s rich heritage through its tourism and heritage practices.An industrial city traditionally known for its crafts and gastronomy,Tianjin has gradually begun t...This article examines what is being promoted about Tianjin’s rich heritage through its tourism and heritage practices.An industrial city traditionally known for its crafts and gastronomy,Tianjin has gradually begun to promote its Chinese heritage and,since the 2000s,its city centre,which is noteworthy for its former foreign concessions and 19th-and 20th-century architectural heritage.After long neglect,the city centre has become a major component in the promotion of the city.Based on the analysis of tourism materials and studies conducted since the mid-2000s,this article first discusses the development of tourism in Tianjin and the chronology and interweaving of the services involved in heritage development.Then,it focuses on the reception of the city’s tourism offerings and on urban development operations in two sectors,Wudadao(or‘Five avenues’),located in the former British Concession,and the‘I-Style Town’in the former Italian Concession.展开更多
In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried o...In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried out and those that have were only partially done because the main participants involved had ulterior motives which impeded their having a critical and independent opinion of the projects carried out. Within this framework, the Delphi methodology presents itself as a very useful instrument, as the intrinsic advantages that it has added to the characteristic that the experts who participate in the project can remain anonymous without detracting value from the conclusions obtained as these are grouped together according to their worth.展开更多
Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, ...Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.展开更多
文摘Set in modern Shanghai's concessions, this paper reviews and identifies the evolution of public transport in Shanghai's concessions from such perspectives as the distribution of public transport lines, the growth of passenger volume, and traffic management. Then, by using quantitative analysis and superposing related statistical data with historical maps, it analyzes the relationship between the density of the public transport network and the land price zoning. The paper concludes that public transport has great influences on the modernization of urban space and public life in modern Shanghai.
基金The study was supported financially by the National Agency for Research(ANR,project PATRIMONDI).
文摘This article examines what is being promoted about Tianjin’s rich heritage through its tourism and heritage practices.An industrial city traditionally known for its crafts and gastronomy,Tianjin has gradually begun to promote its Chinese heritage and,since the 2000s,its city centre,which is noteworthy for its former foreign concessions and 19th-and 20th-century architectural heritage.After long neglect,the city centre has become a major component in the promotion of the city.Based on the analysis of tourism materials and studies conducted since the mid-2000s,this article first discusses the development of tourism in Tianjin and the chronology and interweaving of the services involved in heritage development.Then,it focuses on the reception of the city’s tourism offerings and on urban development operations in two sectors,Wudadao(or‘Five avenues’),located in the former British Concession,and the‘I-Style Town’in the former Italian Concession.
文摘In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried out and those that have were only partially done because the main participants involved had ulterior motives which impeded their having a critical and independent opinion of the projects carried out. Within this framework, the Delphi methodology presents itself as a very useful instrument, as the intrinsic advantages that it has added to the characteristic that the experts who participate in the project can remain anonymous without detracting value from the conclusions obtained as these are grouped together according to their worth.
文摘Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.
