Perovskite based light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have become a powerful candidate for next-generation solid-state lightings and high-definition displays due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),tunable emi...Perovskite based light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have become a powerful candidate for next-generation solid-state lightings and high-definition displays due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),tunable emission wavelength over the visible spectrum,and narrow emission linewidths.Over the past few years,the development of red-and green-emissive PeLEDs has rapidly increased,and the corresponding external quantum efficiencies(EQE)have exceeded 20%.However,the research progress of blue-emitting PeLEDs is limited by its poor material quality and inappropriate device structure.Currently,the maximum EQE of blue PeLED is only 6.2%,which is far from the industrialization requirements.In order to promote the development of blue PeLEDs,we summarize the recent research progress of blue perovskite materials and LEDs and discuss several fatal challenges,mainly embodied in low efficiency and poor stability.In order to overcome these challenges,detailed analysis and strategies are put forward in terms of the materials and devices.For the former,we summarize the feasible strategy for the preparation of efficient and stable blue-emissive perovskites using component engineering.For the latter,we analyze the advantages and limitations of the different strategies for blue-emissive perovskite in LEDs.At the end of the review,a comprehensive outlook is detailed,including future development directions and several technical problems to be solved.Thus,we aim to highlight the significance and promote the industrialization of PeLEDs.展开更多
在图博弈中,Myerson假设只有连通的联盟才能获得完全的效用,而忽略连通联盟的具体结构.1996年,Jackson和Wolinsky提出了"网络情形博弈"的模型,拓展了Myerson的图博弈模型.它是利用值函数代替原来的特征函数以体现不同网络结...在图博弈中,Myerson假设只有连通的联盟才能获得完全的效用,而忽略连通联盟的具体结构.1996年,Jackson和Wolinsky提出了"网络情形博弈"的模型,拓展了Myerson的图博弈模型.它是利用值函数代替原来的特征函数以体现不同网络结构对合作结果的影响.考虑超网络情形博弈,它是网络情形博弈的自然推广,由三元组(N,H,v)所组成,这里v是值函数,用于描述在超网络(N,H)合作结构下的合作收益.2012年,van den Nouweland和Slikker利用四个公理给出了位置值的公理化刻画.通过分支有效性和局部平衡超边贡献性两个公理,给出了超网络博弈中位置值的公理化刻画.作为推论,得到了网络博弈中位置值的新刻画.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC(61604074,61725402)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0401701)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180020,BK20160827)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30917011202)PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and large instrument equipment open fund of Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
文摘Perovskite based light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have become a powerful candidate for next-generation solid-state lightings and high-definition displays due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),tunable emission wavelength over the visible spectrum,and narrow emission linewidths.Over the past few years,the development of red-and green-emissive PeLEDs has rapidly increased,and the corresponding external quantum efficiencies(EQE)have exceeded 20%.However,the research progress of blue-emitting PeLEDs is limited by its poor material quality and inappropriate device structure.Currently,the maximum EQE of blue PeLED is only 6.2%,which is far from the industrialization requirements.In order to promote the development of blue PeLEDs,we summarize the recent research progress of blue perovskite materials and LEDs and discuss several fatal challenges,mainly embodied in low efficiency and poor stability.In order to overcome these challenges,detailed analysis and strategies are put forward in terms of the materials and devices.For the former,we summarize the feasible strategy for the preparation of efficient and stable blue-emissive perovskites using component engineering.For the latter,we analyze the advantages and limitations of the different strategies for blue-emissive perovskite in LEDs.At the end of the review,a comprehensive outlook is detailed,including future development directions and several technical problems to be solved.Thus,we aim to highlight the significance and promote the industrialization of PeLEDs.
文摘在图博弈中,Myerson假设只有连通的联盟才能获得完全的效用,而忽略连通联盟的具体结构.1996年,Jackson和Wolinsky提出了"网络情形博弈"的模型,拓展了Myerson的图博弈模型.它是利用值函数代替原来的特征函数以体现不同网络结构对合作结果的影响.考虑超网络情形博弈,它是网络情形博弈的自然推广,由三元组(N,H,v)所组成,这里v是值函数,用于描述在超网络(N,H)合作结构下的合作收益.2012年,van den Nouweland和Slikker利用四个公理给出了位置值的公理化刻画.通过分支有效性和局部平衡超边贡献性两个公理,给出了超网络博弈中位置值的公理化刻画.作为推论,得到了网络博弈中位置值的新刻画.
