Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is very useful in en bloc resection of large superficial colorectal tumors but is a technically difficult procedure because the colonic wall is thin and endoscopic maneuverability...Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is very useful in en bloc resection of large superficial colorectal tumors but is a technically difficult procedure because the colonic wall is thin and endoscopic maneuverability is poor because of colonic flexure and extensibility. A high risk of perforation has been reported in colorectal ESD. To prevent complications such as perforation and unexpected bleeding, it is crucial to ensure good visualization of the submucosal layer by creating a mucosal flap, which is an exfoliated mucosa for inserting the tip of the endoscope under it. The creation of a mucosal flap is often technically difficult; however, various types of equipment, appropriate strategy, and novel procedures including our clip-flap method, appear to facilitate mucosal flap creation, improving the safety and success rate of ESD. Favorable treatment outcomes with colorectal ESD have already been reported in many advanced institutions, and appropriate understanding of techniques and development of training systems are required for world-wide standardization of colorectal ESD. Here, we describe recent technical advances for safe and successful colorectal ESD.展开更多
Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was launched in 2000 and has revolutionized direct endoscopic imaging of the gut. VCE is now a first-line procedure for exploring the small bowel in cases of obscure digestive bleeding an...Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was launched in 2000 and has revolutionized direct endoscopic imaging of the gut. VCE is now a first-line procedure for exploring the small bowel in cases of obscure digestive bleeding and is also indicated in some patients with Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and polyposis syndrome. A video capsule has also been designed for visualizing the esophagus in order to detect Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal varices. Different capsules are now available and differ with regard to dimensions, image acquisition rate, battery life, field of view, and possible optical enhancements. More recently, the use of VCE has been extended to exploring the colon. Within the last 5 years, tremendous developments have been made toward increasing the capabilities of the colon capsule. Although colon capsule cannot be proposed as a first-line colorectal cancer screening procedure, colon capsule may be used in patients with incomplete colonoscopy or in patients who are unwilling to undergo colonoscopy. In the near future, new technological developments will improve the diagnostic yield of VCE and broaden its therapeutic capabilities.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of metformin on silibinin-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer(COLO 205) cells.METHODS: MTT assays were performed to quantify cell viability.Western blot assays were applied to i...AIM: To investigate the effect of metformin on silibinin-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer(COLO 205) cells.METHODS: MTT assays were performed to quantify cell viability.Western blot assays were applied to identify the expression of signaling proteins.RESULTS: The combined treatment of COLO 205 cells with metformin and silibinin decreased cell survival at a dose insufficient to influence the non-malignant cells [Human colonic epithelial cells(HCo Epi C)].Silibinin and metformin increased phosphatase and tensin homolog and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase expression in COLO 205 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammol/Lalian target of rapamycin.This combined treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of activated caspase 3 and apoptosis inducing factor, indicating apoptosis.CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of human colorectal cancer cells with silibinin and metformin may induce apoptosis at a dose that does not affect HCo Epi C.This finding reveals a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.展开更多
Intussusception is rarely reported in adult patients with acute leukemia. We report a case of intussusception in a 29-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). She developed right lower quadrant pain, fever, an...Intussusception is rarely reported in adult patients with acute leukemia. We report a case of intussusception in a 29-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). She developed right lower quadrant pain, fever, and vomiting on day 16 of induction chemotherapy.Physical examination showed tenderness and guarding at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography(CT) showed distension of the cecum and ascending colon, which were filled with loops of small bowel, and herniation of the ileocecal valve into the cecum. We proceeded to laparotomy and revealed ileocecal intussusception with the ileocecal valve as the leading point. The terminal ileum was thickened and invaginated into the cecum, which showed gangrenous changes. Right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic examination of the colonic tissue showed infiltration of leukemic cells. The patient recovered after the operation and was subsequently able to continue treatment for AML. This case demonstrates that the diagnosis of intussusception is difficult because the presenting symptoms can be non-specific, but abdominal CT can be informative for preoperative diagnosis. Resection of the involved bowel is recommended when malignancy is suspected or confirmed. Intussusception should be considered in any leukemia patients presenting with acute abdomen. A high index of clinical suspicion is important for early diagnosis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the new Retro View^(TM) colonoscope and compare its ability to detect simulated polyps "hidden" behind colonic folds with that of a conventional colonoscope, utilizing anatomic colon models....AIM: To evaluate the new Retro View^(TM) colonoscope and compare its ability to detect simulated polyps "hidden" behind colonic folds with that of a conventional colonoscope, utilizing anatomic colon models.METHODS: Three anatomic colon models were prepared,with twelve simulated polyps "hidden" behind haustral folds and five placed in easily viewed locations in each model. Five blinded endoscopists examined two colon models in random order with the conventional or Retro View^(TM) colonoscope, utilizing standard withdrawal technique. The third colon model was then examined with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope withdrawn initially in retroflexion and then in standard withdrawal. Polyp detection rates during standard and retroflexed withdrawal of the conventional and Retro View^(TM) colonoscopes were determined. Polyp detection rates for combined standard and retroflexed withdrawal(combination withdrawal) with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope were also determined.RESULTS: For hidden polyps, retroflexed withdrawal using the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(85% vs 12%, P = 0.0001). For hidden polyps, combination withdrawal with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(93% vs 12%, P ≤ 0.0001). The Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in "combination withdrawal" was superior to other methods in detecting all(hidden + easily visible) polyps, with successful detection of 80 of 85 polyps(94%) compared to 28(32%) polyps detected by the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(P < 0.0001) and 67(79%) polyps detected by the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in retroflexed withdrawal alone(P < 0.01). Continuous withdrawal of the colonoscope through the colon model while retroflexed was achieved by all endoscopists. In a post-test survey, four out of five colonoscopists reported that manipulation of the colonoscope was easy or very easy.CONCLUSION: In simulated testing, the Retro View^(TM) colono展开更多
Etoposide is a chemotherapy drug derived from the natural lignin podophyllotoxin. Our novel generated Aza-podophyllotoxin compounds (AZP 8a & AZP 9a) are analogues of podophyllotoxin and were previously screened f...Etoposide is a chemotherapy drug derived from the natural lignin podophyllotoxin. Our novel generated Aza-podophyllotoxin compounds (AZP 8a & AZP 9a) are analogues of podophyllotoxin and were previously screened for anti-cancer activity through the NCI 60 cell line screening panel showing activity on various cell types including colon cancer. This study expands the toxicological screening by studying apoptosis and various hallmark events as part of the mechanism of action of these compounds on colon cancer cells. The COLO 205 cell line was selected and exposed to AZP to determine the IC50 doses at 24 hours treatment. Apoptosis hallmark events such as migration of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the cell membrane, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle effects, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspase activation were included. Experiments were performed in triplicates for all tested compounds including AZP 8a, AZP 9a, camptothecin as positive control and vehicle as negative control. Our results present contrasting apoptotic activity between the experimental compounds. Compound 8a presented migration of PS (annexin V assay), DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Compound 9a presented PS migration with fragmented DNA, cell cycle arrest at S phase, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and activation of caspase 3, 8 and 9. Compound 8a without the oxygen atoms in ring A appears to cause effects similarly to autophagy as induced by etoposide, a cancer drug analogue of our heterocyclic compounds. Compound 9a with the oxygen atoms in expanded ring A presented induction of cell death following activation of a classical apoptosis pathway. Our results suggest that minor structural differences among these AZP can account for the difference in biological response and cancer cell toxicity.展开更多
Background: Rectal cancer accounts for the largest distribution within one anatomical region of the large bowel, with approximately one third of all CRC located within the rectum. The Golden standard treatment of prim...Background: Rectal cancer accounts for the largest distribution within one anatomical region of the large bowel, with approximately one third of all CRC located within the rectum. The Golden standard treatment of primary rectal cancer is curative surgical resection;however, a fine balance remains between disease cure and restoration of gastrointestinal continuity. Combined modality has proven efficacy in many malignant tumors with advantage of organ preservation. Methods: Forty nine (49) patients with low rectal carcinoma were included in a prospective study, between Jan 2007 and Jan 2012. Preoperative chemoradiation was administrated to all patients and subjected to different techniques of sphincter saving surgery. Stage I and Stage IV disease at diagnosis were excluded from the study. Results: Forty nine patients were included in the study. 27 (55%) patients were male and 22 (45%) were female;the age ranges from 23 years to 70 years with the median age 46 years. The main presenting symptoms were bleeding per rectum and tenesmus, Stage II 18 patients (36.7%), stage III 31 patients (63.3%). Complete clinical and pathological response in 3 patients (6%), and complete clinical response with only microscopically residual carcinoma in 20 patients (41%), partial response in 18 patients (36.7%), and no significant response in 8 patients (16%) 7 from 8 were mucoid carcinoma. Low anterior resection (LAR) in 22 patients (44.9%), Hartman’s procedure in 4 patients (8.1%), Coloanal pull-through (COP) was done in 19 patients (38.9%) and perineal colostomy in 4 patients (8.1%). For patients with colo-anal pull-through technique complete dehiscent and retraction observed in 2 cases, Major leakage in one case, stenosis in 4 cases. Conclusion: There is tendency of colorectal cancers to affect younger groups. Most patients presented in advanced stage. Neadjuvant chemo radiation is an excellent tool in sphincter saving surgery. Coloanal pull-through technique is not a widely spread technique for low rectal cancer with good oncolo展开更多
世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)中国食品药品监督管理局(China Food and Drug Administration,CFDA)美国国家综合癌症网络(national comprehensive cancer netw...世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)中国食品药品监督管理局(China Food and Drug Administration,CFDA)美国国家综合癌症网络(national comprehensive cancer network,NCCN)美国癌症联合委员会(American joint committee on cancer,AJCC)展开更多
To investigate the effect of astilbic acid (3β,6β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, AA) on human colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cell proliferation and apoptosis.Methods Proliferation of COLO 205 cells was measued by ...To investigate the effect of astilbic acid (3β,6β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, AA) on human colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cell proliferation and apoptosis.Methods Proliferation of COLO 205 cells was measued by MTT assay. Content of DNA in COLO 205 cell was measued by modified diphenylamine assay. AA-induced morphological changes was observed with fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope.DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis.Apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution were deter-mined by flow cytometric analysis.Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were visioned by immunohistochemical analysis.The change of relative mitochondral transmembrane potential (MTP) in COLO 205 cell was analyzed with FCM after rhodamine 123 staining. Results The IC50 (96h) of AA for inhibiting COLO 205 cell proliferation was 61.56±0.34 μmol/L.AA induced a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of COLO 205 cell proliferation and reduced the DNA content in COLO 205 cell. Cells treated with AA 64 μmol/L showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA “ladder” pattern. The cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate was 28.25% for COLO 205 cells treated with AA 64 μmol/L for 48h. Meanwhile the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased while that of Bax was increased and relative MTP was decreased as well. DEVD-CHO 1μmol/L could increase the viability of COLO 205 cells treated with AA for 48h.Conclusion AA showed potent inhibitory activity on COLO 205 cells proliferation,and could induce COLO 205 cells apoptosis through disturbing DNA replication, down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulating Bax expression, lowering relative MTP, and activating caspase-3 pathway.展开更多
Macao’s gambling boom has also been a boon for the enclave’s golf No longer the sleepy Portuguese colony that returned to China in 1999, this 28.6sqkm mass of land has come of age.It’s living up to its billing as t...Macao’s gambling boom has also been a boon for the enclave’s golf No longer the sleepy Portuguese colony that returned to China in 1999, this 28.6sqkm mass of land has come of age.It’s living up to its billing as the"Las Vegas of Asia"after a host of over-the-top casinos opened in the Special Administrative Region over the past year.With such impressive newcomers as the Wynn,Venetian,Sands,MGM Grand and the Ponte 16(to name but a few)offer- ing world-class gaming,entertainment and dining temptations,Macao now boasts 29 casinos,with many more on the way.展开更多
Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at presentation.Common sites fo...Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at presentation.Common sites for metastases are liver,lungs,lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity.Metastatic disease carries poor prognosis,with median survival of less than 3 mo.We report two cases where metastases from pancreato-biliary cancers were identified in the colon and anal canal.In both cases specific immunohistochemical staining was utilised in the diagnosis.In the first case,the pre-senting complaint was obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary tumour for which a pancreato-duodenectomy was carried out.However,the patient re-presented 4wk later with an atypical anal fissure which was found to be metastatic deposit from the primary ampullary adenocarcinoma.In the second case,the patient presented with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary stricture.Subsequent imaging revealed sigmoid thickening,which was confirmed to be a metastatic deposit.Distal colonic and anorectal metastases from pancreatobiliary cancers are rare and can masquerade as primary colorectal tumours.The key to the diagnosis is the specific immunohistochemical profile of the intestinal lesion biopsies.展开更多
COLOUR is the key to good nutrition. Yet what colour is an increasing number of people’s diet? Beige.As a physician who has studied nutrition and cancer prevention for more than 20 years, I believe that bland diets a...COLOUR is the key to good nutrition. Yet what colour is an increasing number of people’s diet? Beige.As a physician who has studied nutrition and cancer prevention for more than 20 years, I believe that bland diets actually account for the most common diseases, including heart disease, cancer and what I call diabesity-a booming epidemic of obesity and diabetes.展开更多
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is very useful in en bloc resection of large superficial colorectal tumors but is a technically difficult procedure because the colonic wall is thin and endoscopic maneuverability is poor because of colonic flexure and extensibility. A high risk of perforation has been reported in colorectal ESD. To prevent complications such as perforation and unexpected bleeding, it is crucial to ensure good visualization of the submucosal layer by creating a mucosal flap, which is an exfoliated mucosa for inserting the tip of the endoscope under it. The creation of a mucosal flap is often technically difficult; however, various types of equipment, appropriate strategy, and novel procedures including our clip-flap method, appear to facilitate mucosal flap creation, improving the safety and success rate of ESD. Favorable treatment outcomes with colorectal ESD have already been reported in many advanced institutions, and appropriate understanding of techniques and development of training systems are required for world-wide standardization of colorectal ESD. Here, we describe recent technical advances for safe and successful colorectal ESD.
文摘Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was launched in 2000 and has revolutionized direct endoscopic imaging of the gut. VCE is now a first-line procedure for exploring the small bowel in cases of obscure digestive bleeding and is also indicated in some patients with Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and polyposis syndrome. A video capsule has also been designed for visualizing the esophagus in order to detect Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal varices. Different capsules are now available and differ with regard to dimensions, image acquisition rate, battery life, field of view, and possible optical enhancements. More recently, the use of VCE has been extended to exploring the colon. Within the last 5 years, tremendous developments have been made toward increasing the capabilities of the colon capsule. Although colon capsule cannot be proposed as a first-line colorectal cancer screening procedure, colon capsule may be used in patients with incomplete colonoscopy or in patients who are unwilling to undergo colonoscopy. In the near future, new technological developments will improve the diagnostic yield of VCE and broaden its therapeutic capabilities.
基金Supported by A grant from the Chi Mei Medical Center in Taiwan(partly),No.CMFHR10302
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of metformin on silibinin-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer(COLO 205) cells.METHODS: MTT assays were performed to quantify cell viability.Western blot assays were applied to identify the expression of signaling proteins.RESULTS: The combined treatment of COLO 205 cells with metformin and silibinin decreased cell survival at a dose insufficient to influence the non-malignant cells [Human colonic epithelial cells(HCo Epi C)].Silibinin and metformin increased phosphatase and tensin homolog and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase expression in COLO 205 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammol/Lalian target of rapamycin.This combined treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of activated caspase 3 and apoptosis inducing factor, indicating apoptosis.CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of human colorectal cancer cells with silibinin and metformin may induce apoptosis at a dose that does not affect HCo Epi C.This finding reveals a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
文摘Intussusception is rarely reported in adult patients with acute leukemia. We report a case of intussusception in a 29-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). She developed right lower quadrant pain, fever, and vomiting on day 16 of induction chemotherapy.Physical examination showed tenderness and guarding at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography(CT) showed distension of the cecum and ascending colon, which were filled with loops of small bowel, and herniation of the ileocecal valve into the cecum. We proceeded to laparotomy and revealed ileocecal intussusception with the ileocecal valve as the leading point. The terminal ileum was thickened and invaginated into the cecum, which showed gangrenous changes. Right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic examination of the colonic tissue showed infiltration of leukemic cells. The patient recovered after the operation and was subsequently able to continue treatment for AML. This case demonstrates that the diagnosis of intussusception is difficult because the presenting symptoms can be non-specific, but abdominal CT can be informative for preoperative diagnosis. Resection of the involved bowel is recommended when malignancy is suspected or confirmed. Intussusception should be considered in any leukemia patients presenting with acute abdomen. A high index of clinical suspicion is important for early diagnosis.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the new Retro View^(TM) colonoscope and compare its ability to detect simulated polyps "hidden" behind colonic folds with that of a conventional colonoscope, utilizing anatomic colon models.METHODS: Three anatomic colon models were prepared,with twelve simulated polyps "hidden" behind haustral folds and five placed in easily viewed locations in each model. Five blinded endoscopists examined two colon models in random order with the conventional or Retro View^(TM) colonoscope, utilizing standard withdrawal technique. The third colon model was then examined with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope withdrawn initially in retroflexion and then in standard withdrawal. Polyp detection rates during standard and retroflexed withdrawal of the conventional and Retro View^(TM) colonoscopes were determined. Polyp detection rates for combined standard and retroflexed withdrawal(combination withdrawal) with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope were also determined.RESULTS: For hidden polyps, retroflexed withdrawal using the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(85% vs 12%, P = 0.0001). For hidden polyps, combination withdrawal with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(93% vs 12%, P ≤ 0.0001). The Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in "combination withdrawal" was superior to other methods in detecting all(hidden + easily visible) polyps, with successful detection of 80 of 85 polyps(94%) compared to 28(32%) polyps detected by the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(P < 0.0001) and 67(79%) polyps detected by the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in retroflexed withdrawal alone(P < 0.01). Continuous withdrawal of the colonoscope through the colon model while retroflexed was achieved by all endoscopists. In a post-test survey, four out of five colonoscopists reported that manipulation of the colonoscope was easy or very easy.CONCLUSION: In simulated testing, the Retro View^(TM) colono
文摘Etoposide is a chemotherapy drug derived from the natural lignin podophyllotoxin. Our novel generated Aza-podophyllotoxin compounds (AZP 8a & AZP 9a) are analogues of podophyllotoxin and were previously screened for anti-cancer activity through the NCI 60 cell line screening panel showing activity on various cell types including colon cancer. This study expands the toxicological screening by studying apoptosis and various hallmark events as part of the mechanism of action of these compounds on colon cancer cells. The COLO 205 cell line was selected and exposed to AZP to determine the IC50 doses at 24 hours treatment. Apoptosis hallmark events such as migration of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the cell membrane, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle effects, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspase activation were included. Experiments were performed in triplicates for all tested compounds including AZP 8a, AZP 9a, camptothecin as positive control and vehicle as negative control. Our results present contrasting apoptotic activity between the experimental compounds. Compound 8a presented migration of PS (annexin V assay), DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Compound 9a presented PS migration with fragmented DNA, cell cycle arrest at S phase, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and activation of caspase 3, 8 and 9. Compound 8a without the oxygen atoms in ring A appears to cause effects similarly to autophagy as induced by etoposide, a cancer drug analogue of our heterocyclic compounds. Compound 9a with the oxygen atoms in expanded ring A presented induction of cell death following activation of a classical apoptosis pathway. Our results suggest that minor structural differences among these AZP can account for the difference in biological response and cancer cell toxicity.
文摘Background: Rectal cancer accounts for the largest distribution within one anatomical region of the large bowel, with approximately one third of all CRC located within the rectum. The Golden standard treatment of primary rectal cancer is curative surgical resection;however, a fine balance remains between disease cure and restoration of gastrointestinal continuity. Combined modality has proven efficacy in many malignant tumors with advantage of organ preservation. Methods: Forty nine (49) patients with low rectal carcinoma were included in a prospective study, between Jan 2007 and Jan 2012. Preoperative chemoradiation was administrated to all patients and subjected to different techniques of sphincter saving surgery. Stage I and Stage IV disease at diagnosis were excluded from the study. Results: Forty nine patients were included in the study. 27 (55%) patients were male and 22 (45%) were female;the age ranges from 23 years to 70 years with the median age 46 years. The main presenting symptoms were bleeding per rectum and tenesmus, Stage II 18 patients (36.7%), stage III 31 patients (63.3%). Complete clinical and pathological response in 3 patients (6%), and complete clinical response with only microscopically residual carcinoma in 20 patients (41%), partial response in 18 patients (36.7%), and no significant response in 8 patients (16%) 7 from 8 were mucoid carcinoma. Low anterior resection (LAR) in 22 patients (44.9%), Hartman’s procedure in 4 patients (8.1%), Coloanal pull-through (COP) was done in 19 patients (38.9%) and perineal colostomy in 4 patients (8.1%). For patients with colo-anal pull-through technique complete dehiscent and retraction observed in 2 cases, Major leakage in one case, stenosis in 4 cases. Conclusion: There is tendency of colorectal cancers to affect younger groups. Most patients presented in advanced stage. Neadjuvant chemo radiation is an excellent tool in sphincter saving surgery. Coloanal pull-through technique is not a widely spread technique for low rectal cancer with good oncolo
文摘世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)中国食品药品监督管理局(China Food and Drug Administration,CFDA)美国国家综合癌症网络(national comprehensive cancer network,NCCN)美国癌症联合委员会(American joint committee on cancer,AJCC)
文摘To investigate the effect of astilbic acid (3β,6β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, AA) on human colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cell proliferation and apoptosis.Methods Proliferation of COLO 205 cells was measued by MTT assay. Content of DNA in COLO 205 cell was measued by modified diphenylamine assay. AA-induced morphological changes was observed with fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope.DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis.Apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution were deter-mined by flow cytometric analysis.Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were visioned by immunohistochemical analysis.The change of relative mitochondral transmembrane potential (MTP) in COLO 205 cell was analyzed with FCM after rhodamine 123 staining. Results The IC50 (96h) of AA for inhibiting COLO 205 cell proliferation was 61.56±0.34 μmol/L.AA induced a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of COLO 205 cell proliferation and reduced the DNA content in COLO 205 cell. Cells treated with AA 64 μmol/L showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA “ladder” pattern. The cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate was 28.25% for COLO 205 cells treated with AA 64 μmol/L for 48h. Meanwhile the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased while that of Bax was increased and relative MTP was decreased as well. DEVD-CHO 1μmol/L could increase the viability of COLO 205 cells treated with AA for 48h.Conclusion AA showed potent inhibitory activity on COLO 205 cells proliferation,and could induce COLO 205 cells apoptosis through disturbing DNA replication, down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulating Bax expression, lowering relative MTP, and activating caspase-3 pathway.
文摘Macao’s gambling boom has also been a boon for the enclave’s golf No longer the sleepy Portuguese colony that returned to China in 1999, this 28.6sqkm mass of land has come of age.It’s living up to its billing as the"Las Vegas of Asia"after a host of over-the-top casinos opened in the Special Administrative Region over the past year.With such impressive newcomers as the Wynn,Venetian,Sands,MGM Grand and the Ponte 16(to name but a few)offer- ing world-class gaming,entertainment and dining temptations,Macao now boasts 29 casinos,with many more on the way.
文摘Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at presentation.Common sites for metastases are liver,lungs,lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity.Metastatic disease carries poor prognosis,with median survival of less than 3 mo.We report two cases where metastases from pancreato-biliary cancers were identified in the colon and anal canal.In both cases specific immunohistochemical staining was utilised in the diagnosis.In the first case,the pre-senting complaint was obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary tumour for which a pancreato-duodenectomy was carried out.However,the patient re-presented 4wk later with an atypical anal fissure which was found to be metastatic deposit from the primary ampullary adenocarcinoma.In the second case,the patient presented with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary stricture.Subsequent imaging revealed sigmoid thickening,which was confirmed to be a metastatic deposit.Distal colonic and anorectal metastases from pancreatobiliary cancers are rare and can masquerade as primary colorectal tumours.The key to the diagnosis is the specific immunohistochemical profile of the intestinal lesion biopsies.
文摘COLOUR is the key to good nutrition. Yet what colour is an increasing number of people’s diet? Beige.As a physician who has studied nutrition and cancer prevention for more than 20 years, I believe that bland diets actually account for the most common diseases, including heart disease, cancer and what I call diabesity-a booming epidemic of obesity and diabetes.
