Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC...Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.展开更多
伴随电视频道的不断增加,推荐系统在直播电视领域应用成为研究热点.然而,直播电视独特的播放和收视方式使得传统的VOD(Video On Demand)推荐系统无法直接应用,已有的推荐频道的方法不关注正在播出的节目状态从而影响了推荐准确率,而推...伴随电视频道的不断增加,推荐系统在直播电视领域应用成为研究热点.然而,直播电视独特的播放和收视方式使得传统的VOD(Video On Demand)推荐系统无法直接应用,已有的推荐频道的方法不关注正在播出的节目状态从而影响了推荐准确率,而推荐节目的方法难以应对节目冷启动.为此,本文提出了一种融合频道推荐和节目推荐的评分预测算法OFAP(Over the First by Adding Preference).首先,利用聚类方法对每个用户实现差异性的收视时段划分,构建他们的频道-时段偏好矩阵和预推荐评分权重矩阵;其次,提出一个评分替代策略使得已有的推荐节目的算法能够应对节目冷启动,从而实现预推荐;最后,通过融合用户偏好、预推荐评分权重与预推荐结果,构建评分预测函数,将预推荐算法的评分预测结果作为评分预测函数的训练样本.实验表明,采用Precision@N和Recall@N作为评价标准,本文所提方法OFAP明显优于对比算法.展开更多
Cold plate is an important component for a liquid battery thermal management system.In order to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate under conditions with sharply increasing heat loads,the numeric...Cold plate is an important component for a liquid battery thermal management system.In order to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate under conditions with sharply increasing heat loads,the numerical model of a battery cold plate is established.The validation experiment shows that the error between the simulation and experiment is around 2.5%to 5%.Effects of the coolant flow rate,the increase in heat flux,and the channel number are analyzed to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate.Results show that the average temperature of the cold plate at 540 s is lowered from 28.3℃ to 26.9℃ when the coolant flow rate is raised from 0.065 kg/s to 0.165 kg/s.The temperature deviation is decreased when the coolant flow rate is increased from 0.065 kg/s to 0.115 kg/s;however,it is slightly increased if the coolant flow rate is further increased.Both average temperature and temperature deviation are raised if the final heat flux is increased from11000 W/m^(2) to 16500 W/m^(2),which are 2 and 3 times of the initial,respectively.In addition,increasing the channel number has slightly positive effect on the average temperature of the cold plate,while the temperature deviation is increased when the channel number is increased from 3 to 11 due to the non-uniform velocity distribution between each channel.The results of this study will be helpful during the design of cold plate for battery thermal management,especially for transient conditions with sudden rising heat loads like thermal runaway.展开更多
文摘Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.
文摘伴随电视频道的不断增加,推荐系统在直播电视领域应用成为研究热点.然而,直播电视独特的播放和收视方式使得传统的VOD(Video On Demand)推荐系统无法直接应用,已有的推荐频道的方法不关注正在播出的节目状态从而影响了推荐准确率,而推荐节目的方法难以应对节目冷启动.为此,本文提出了一种融合频道推荐和节目推荐的评分预测算法OFAP(Over the First by Adding Preference).首先,利用聚类方法对每个用户实现差异性的收视时段划分,构建他们的频道-时段偏好矩阵和预推荐评分权重矩阵;其次,提出一个评分替代策略使得已有的推荐节目的算法能够应对节目冷启动,从而实现预推荐;最后,通过融合用户偏好、预推荐评分权重与预推荐结果,构建评分预测函数,将预推荐算法的评分预测结果作为评分预测函数的训练样本.实验表明,采用Precision@N和Recall@N作为评价标准,本文所提方法OFAP明显优于对比算法.
文摘Cold plate is an important component for a liquid battery thermal management system.In order to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate under conditions with sharply increasing heat loads,the numerical model of a battery cold plate is established.The validation experiment shows that the error between the simulation and experiment is around 2.5%to 5%.Effects of the coolant flow rate,the increase in heat flux,and the channel number are analyzed to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate.Results show that the average temperature of the cold plate at 540 s is lowered from 28.3℃ to 26.9℃ when the coolant flow rate is raised from 0.065 kg/s to 0.165 kg/s.The temperature deviation is decreased when the coolant flow rate is increased from 0.065 kg/s to 0.115 kg/s;however,it is slightly increased if the coolant flow rate is further increased.Both average temperature and temperature deviation are raised if the final heat flux is increased from11000 W/m^(2) to 16500 W/m^(2),which are 2 and 3 times of the initial,respectively.In addition,increasing the channel number has slightly positive effect on the average temperature of the cold plate,while the temperature deviation is increased when the channel number is increased from 3 to 11 due to the non-uniform velocity distribution between each channel.The results of this study will be helpful during the design of cold plate for battery thermal management,especially for transient conditions with sudden rising heat loads like thermal runaway.
