考虑到冰相云微物理过程对冷锋降雪的数值预报结果起重要作用,针对2014年4月22—24日新疆一次强寒潮引起的冷锋暴雪过程,分别采用WRFv3.5.1中尺度模式中Lin、WSM6、Thompson和WDM6四种云微物理方案进行数值模拟,探究不同云微物理方案对...考虑到冰相云微物理过程对冷锋降雪的数值预报结果起重要作用,针对2014年4月22—24日新疆一次强寒潮引起的冷锋暴雪过程,分别采用WRFv3.5.1中尺度模式中Lin、WSM6、Thompson和WDM6四种云微物理方案进行数值模拟,探究不同云微物理方案对其预报结果的影响。从降水预报结果看,四种方案对中天山强降雪中心的预报能力明显优于伊犁河谷地区,Lin方案对中天山强降雪中心的雨强变化趋势、起止时间以及强降水落区的预报能力总体优于其他三种方案。从温湿特征预报结果来看,四种方案对降雪过程前后的温度和过程之后的露点温度预报效果均较好,但对过程前期800 h Pa以上的露点温度预报偏高,这可能由于模式预报的降雪时间较实况提前、预报降水量偏大引起;四种方案预报的潜热通量和感热通量的量值与再分析资料有一定差异,但对其变化趋势的预报与再分析资料较一致。从云微物理特征来看,不同方案预报的水凝物粒子总量有所差异,但均以冰相粒子为主,且其变化趋势与强降雪时段比较一致。不同方案之间水凝物粒子含量差异也较大,Lin方案中霰和雪粒子含量最多,WSM6和WDM6两种方案以雪和冰粒子最多,Thompson方案中几乎全部为雪粒子。展开更多
Cloud dominates influence factors of atmospheric radiation, while aerosol–cloud interactions are of vital importance in its spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a two-moment(mass and number) cloud microphysics...Cloud dominates influence factors of atmospheric radiation, while aerosol–cloud interactions are of vital importance in its spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a two-moment(mass and number) cloud microphysics scheme, which significantly improved the treatment of the coupled processes of aerosols and clouds, was incorporated into version 1.1 of the IAP/LASG global Finite-volume Atmospheric Model(FAMIL1.1). For illustrative purposes, the characteristics of the energy balance and cloud radiative forcing(CRF) in an AMIP-type simulation with prescribed aerosols were compared with those in observational/reanalysis data. Even within the constraints of the prescribed aerosol mass, the model simulated global mean energy balance at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) and at the Earth’s surface, as well as their seasonal variation, are in good agreement with the observational data. The maximum deviation terms lie in the surface downwelling longwave radiation and surface latent heat flux, which are 3.5 W m-2(1%) and 3 W m-2(3.5%), individually. The spatial correlations of the annual TOA net radiation flux and the net CRF between simulation and observation were around 0.97 and 0.90, respectively. A major weakness is that FAMIL1.1 predicts more liquid water content and less ice water content over most oceans. Detailed comparisons are presented for a number of regions, with a focus on the Asian monsoon region(AMR). The results indicate that FAMIL1.1 well reproduces the summer–winter contrast for both the geographical distribution of the longwave CRF and shortwave CRF over the AMR. Finally, the model bias and possible solutions, as well as further works to develop FAMIL1.1 are discussed.展开更多
A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LA...A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） as an effort to enhance the model＇s capability to simulate aerosol indirect effects. Unlike the previous one-moment cloud microphysics scheme, the new scheme produces a reasonable rep- resentation of cloud particle size and number concentration. This scheme captures the observed spatial variations in cloud droplet number concentrations. Simulated ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds qualitatively agree with in situ observations. The longwave and shortwave cloud forcings are in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests show that the column cloud droplet number concentrations calculated from two different droplet activation parameterizations are similar. However, ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phased clouds is sensitive to different heterogeneous ice nucleation formulations. The simulation with high ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds has less liquid water path and weaker cloud forcing. ~rthermore, ice crystal number concentration in cirrus clouds is sensitive to different ice nucleation parameterizations. Sensitivity tests also suggest that the impact of pre-existing ice crystals on homogeneous freezing in old clouds should be taken into account.展开更多
文摘考虑到冰相云微物理过程对冷锋降雪的数值预报结果起重要作用,针对2014年4月22—24日新疆一次强寒潮引起的冷锋暴雪过程,分别采用WRFv3.5.1中尺度模式中Lin、WSM6、Thompson和WDM6四种云微物理方案进行数值模拟,探究不同云微物理方案对其预报结果的影响。从降水预报结果看,四种方案对中天山强降雪中心的预报能力明显优于伊犁河谷地区,Lin方案对中天山强降雪中心的雨强变化趋势、起止时间以及强降水落区的预报能力总体优于其他三种方案。从温湿特征预报结果来看,四种方案对降雪过程前后的温度和过程之后的露点温度预报效果均较好,但对过程前期800 h Pa以上的露点温度预报偏高,这可能由于模式预报的降雪时间较实况提前、预报降水量偏大引起;四种方案预报的潜热通量和感热通量的量值与再分析资料有一定差异,但对其变化趋势的预报与再分析资料较一致。从云微物理特征来看,不同方案预报的水凝物粒子总量有所差异,但均以冰相粒子为主,且其变化趋势与强降雪时段比较一致。不同方案之间水凝物粒子含量差异也较大,Lin方案中霰和雪粒子含量最多,WSM6和WDM6两种方案以雪和冰粒子最多,Thompson方案中几乎全部为雪粒子。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41675100, 91737306, and U1811464)
文摘Cloud dominates influence factors of atmospheric radiation, while aerosol–cloud interactions are of vital importance in its spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a two-moment(mass and number) cloud microphysics scheme, which significantly improved the treatment of the coupled processes of aerosols and clouds, was incorporated into version 1.1 of the IAP/LASG global Finite-volume Atmospheric Model(FAMIL1.1). For illustrative purposes, the characteristics of the energy balance and cloud radiative forcing(CRF) in an AMIP-type simulation with prescribed aerosols were compared with those in observational/reanalysis data. Even within the constraints of the prescribed aerosol mass, the model simulated global mean energy balance at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) and at the Earth’s surface, as well as their seasonal variation, are in good agreement with the observational data. The maximum deviation terms lie in the surface downwelling longwave radiation and surface latent heat flux, which are 3.5 W m-2(1%) and 3 W m-2(3.5%), individually. The spatial correlations of the annual TOA net radiation flux and the net CRF between simulation and observation were around 0.97 and 0.90, respectively. A major weakness is that FAMIL1.1 predicts more liquid water content and less ice water content over most oceans. Detailed comparisons are presented for a number of regions, with a focus on the Asian monsoon region(AMR). The results indicate that FAMIL1.1 well reproduces the summer–winter contrast for both the geographical distribution of the longwave CRF and shortwave CRF over the AMR. Finally, the model bias and possible solutions, as well as further works to develop FAMIL1.1 are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China(Grant No.41205071)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program:Grant No.2011CB309704)the funding support from the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Science,Earth System Modeling Program
文摘A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） as an effort to enhance the model＇s capability to simulate aerosol indirect effects. Unlike the previous one-moment cloud microphysics scheme, the new scheme produces a reasonable rep- resentation of cloud particle size and number concentration. This scheme captures the observed spatial variations in cloud droplet number concentrations. Simulated ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds qualitatively agree with in situ observations. The longwave and shortwave cloud forcings are in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests show that the column cloud droplet number concentrations calculated from two different droplet activation parameterizations are similar. However, ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phased clouds is sensitive to different heterogeneous ice nucleation formulations. The simulation with high ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds has less liquid water path and weaker cloud forcing. ~rthermore, ice crystal number concentration in cirrus clouds is sensitive to different ice nucleation parameterizations. Sensitivity tests also suggest that the impact of pre-existing ice crystals on homogeneous freezing in old clouds should be taken into account.
