The transport sector is a significant energy consumer and a major contributor to urban air pollution.At present,the substitution of cleaner fuel is one feasible way to deal with the growing energy demand and environme...The transport sector is a significant energy consumer and a major contributor to urban air pollution.At present,the substitution of cleaner fuel is one feasible way to deal with the growing energy demand and environmental pollution.Methanol has been recognized as a good alternative to gasoline due to its good combustion performance.In the past decades,many studies have investigated exhaust emissions using methanol-gasoline blends.However,the conclusions derived from different studies vary significantly,and the explanations for the effects of methanol blending on exhaust emissions are also inconsistent.This review summarizes the characteristics of CO,HC,NO_(x),CO_(2),and particulate emissions from methanol-gasoline blended fuels and pure methanol fuel.CO,HC,CO_(2),particle mass(PM),and particle number(PN)emissions decrease when methanol-blended fuel is used in place of gasoline fuel.NO_(x) emission either decreases or increases depending on the test conditions,i.e.,methanol content.Furthermore,this review synthesizes the mechanisms by which methanol-blended fuel influences pollutant emissions.This review provides insight into the pollutant emissions from methanol-blended fuel,which will aid policymakers in making energy strategy decisions that take urban air pollution,climate change,and energy security into account.展开更多
The usage of alternative fuel as a substitute of oil fuel for transportation sector in developed countries has been commonly implemented in order to decrease crude oil consumption, where in a few years back, the crude...The usage of alternative fuel as a substitute of oil fuel for transportation sector in developed countries has been commonly implemented in order to decrease crude oil consumption, where in a few years back, the crude oil price is constantly increasing. In addition, global warming issue becomes one of reasons that motivate many countries to switch for a cleaner energy usage. As a country that has a relatively big reserve of natural gas, its appropriate natural gas could minimize subsidized oil fuel and also financing country＇s burden if Indonesia is optimizing the usage of energy resources. This paper will discuss about the background of gas fuel usage for road transportation sector in Indonesia, review of alternative fuel usage, the gas fuel usage status in Indonesia and gas usage recommendation for land transportation sector in Indonesia based on other countries experiences.展开更多
China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),Asia’s biggest oil and gas producer,will increase its investment in natural gas exploration and production,pipeline construction and gas sales in the coming decade,betting b...China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),Asia’s biggest oil and gas producer,will increase its investment in natural gas exploration and production,pipeline construction and gas sales in the coming decade,betting big on the country’s thirst for the clean fuel.The stateowned company,which currently allocates 70展开更多
基金supported by the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(China)(Nos.18PTZWHZ00120,19YFZCSF 00960,20YFZCSN01000,20JCYBJC01270)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of China(Nos.63213074,63211075).
文摘The transport sector is a significant energy consumer and a major contributor to urban air pollution.At present,the substitution of cleaner fuel is one feasible way to deal with the growing energy demand and environmental pollution.Methanol has been recognized as a good alternative to gasoline due to its good combustion performance.In the past decades,many studies have investigated exhaust emissions using methanol-gasoline blends.However,the conclusions derived from different studies vary significantly,and the explanations for the effects of methanol blending on exhaust emissions are also inconsistent.This review summarizes the characteristics of CO,HC,NO_(x),CO_(2),and particulate emissions from methanol-gasoline blended fuels and pure methanol fuel.CO,HC,CO_(2),particle mass(PM),and particle number(PN)emissions decrease when methanol-blended fuel is used in place of gasoline fuel.NO_(x) emission either decreases or increases depending on the test conditions,i.e.,methanol content.Furthermore,this review synthesizes the mechanisms by which methanol-blended fuel influences pollutant emissions.This review provides insight into the pollutant emissions from methanol-blended fuel,which will aid policymakers in making energy strategy decisions that take urban air pollution,climate change,and energy security into account.
文摘The usage of alternative fuel as a substitute of oil fuel for transportation sector in developed countries has been commonly implemented in order to decrease crude oil consumption, where in a few years back, the crude oil price is constantly increasing. In addition, global warming issue becomes one of reasons that motivate many countries to switch for a cleaner energy usage. As a country that has a relatively big reserve of natural gas, its appropriate natural gas could minimize subsidized oil fuel and also financing country＇s burden if Indonesia is optimizing the usage of energy resources. This paper will discuss about the background of gas fuel usage for road transportation sector in Indonesia, review of alternative fuel usage, the gas fuel usage status in Indonesia and gas usage recommendation for land transportation sector in Indonesia based on other countries experiences.
文摘China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),Asia’s biggest oil and gas producer,will increase its investment in natural gas exploration and production,pipeline construction and gas sales in the coming decade,betting big on the country’s thirst for the clean fuel.The stateowned company,which currently allocates 70
