为满足智能制造企业对产品质量检测的需求,服务制造企业生产管理,对缺陷检测技术的研究现状、典型方法和应用进行梳理.首先总结了磁粉检测法、渗透检测法、涡流检测法、超声波检测法、机器视觉和基于深度学习的缺陷检测技术的优缺点;对...为满足智能制造企业对产品质量检测的需求,服务制造企业生产管理,对缺陷检测技术的研究现状、典型方法和应用进行梳理.首先总结了磁粉检测法、渗透检测法、涡流检测法、超声波检测法、机器视觉和基于深度学习的缺陷检测技术的优缺点;对比分析了磁粉检测法、渗透检测法、涡流检测法、超声波检测法、机器视觉检测的主流缺陷检测技术和基于深度学习的缺陷检测技术的研究现状;然后,梳理了缺陷检测技术在电子元器件、管道、焊接件、机械零件和质量控制中的典型应用;最后,对缺陷检测技术的研究情况进行了总结和展望,指出该研究领域亟需解决的问题和未来发展的方向,并从高精度、高定位、快速检测、小目标、复杂背景、被遮挡物体检测、物体关联关系等几个方面总结近年来发表在ICCV(International Conference on Computer Vision)和CVPR(International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)等知名国际会议上相关论文的核心思想和源代码,为缺陷检测技术的进一步发展提供理论和应用上的借鉴与参考.展开更多
Fuzzy classification combined with spatial prediction was used to assess the state of soil pollution in the peri-urban Beijing area. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in 220 topsoil sampl...Fuzzy classification combined with spatial prediction was used to assess the state of soil pollution in the peri-urban Beijing area. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in 220 topsoil samples （0-20 cm） collected using a grid design in a study area of 2 600 kin2. Heavy metal concentrations were grouped into three classes according to the optimum number of classes and fuzziness exponent using the fuzzy comean （FCM） algorithm. Membership values were interpolated using ordinary kriging. The polluted soils of the study area induced by the measured heavy metals were concentrated in the northwest corner and eastern part, especially the southeastern part close to the urban zone, whereas the soils free of pollution were mainly distributed in the southwestern part. The soils with potential risk of heavy metal pollution were located in isolated spots mainly in the northern part and southeastern corner of the study region. The FCM algorithm combined with geostatistical techniques, as compared to conventional single geostatistical kriging methods, could produce a prediction with a quantitative uncertainty evaluation and higher reliability. Successful prediction of soil pollution achieved with FCM algorithm in this study indicated that fuzzy set theory had great potential for use in other areas of soil science.展开更多
Data-mining is a kind of solution for solving the problem of information exploding. Classification and prediction belong to the most fundamental tasks in data-mining field. Many experiments have showed that the result...Data-mining is a kind of solution for solving the problem of information exploding. Classification and prediction belong to the most fundamental tasks in data-mining field. Many experiments have showed that the results of ensemble of learning methods are generally better than those of single learning methods under most of the time. In the sense,it is of great value to introduce ensemble of learning methods to data mining. This paper introduces data mining and ensemble of learning methods respectively,along with the analysis and formulation about the role ensemble of learning methods can act in some important practicing aspects of data mining:Text mining,multi-media information mining and web mining.展开更多
文摘为满足智能制造企业对产品质量检测的需求,服务制造企业生产管理,对缺陷检测技术的研究现状、典型方法和应用进行梳理.首先总结了磁粉检测法、渗透检测法、涡流检测法、超声波检测法、机器视觉和基于深度学习的缺陷检测技术的优缺点;对比分析了磁粉检测法、渗透检测法、涡流检测法、超声波检测法、机器视觉检测的主流缺陷检测技术和基于深度学习的缺陷检测技术的研究现状;然后,梳理了缺陷检测技术在电子元器件、管道、焊接件、机械零件和质量控制中的典型应用;最后,对缺陷检测技术的研究情况进行了总结和展望,指出该研究领域亟需解决的问题和未来发展的方向,并从高精度、高定位、快速检测、小目标、复杂背景、被遮挡物体检测、物体关联关系等几个方面总结近年来发表在ICCV(International Conference on Computer Vision)和CVPR(International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)等知名国际会议上相关论文的核心思想和源代码,为缺陷检测技术的进一步发展提供理论和应用上的借鉴与参考.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40571065 and 40235054)the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (No. G1999045707).
文摘Fuzzy classification combined with spatial prediction was used to assess the state of soil pollution in the peri-urban Beijing area. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in 220 topsoil samples （0-20 cm） collected using a grid design in a study area of 2 600 kin2. Heavy metal concentrations were grouped into three classes according to the optimum number of classes and fuzziness exponent using the fuzzy comean （FCM） algorithm. Membership values were interpolated using ordinary kriging. The polluted soils of the study area induced by the measured heavy metals were concentrated in the northwest corner and eastern part, especially the southeastern part close to the urban zone, whereas the soils free of pollution were mainly distributed in the southwestern part. The soils with potential risk of heavy metal pollution were located in isolated spots mainly in the northern part and southeastern corner of the study region. The FCM algorithm combined with geostatistical techniques, as compared to conventional single geostatistical kriging methods, could produce a prediction with a quantitative uncertainty evaluation and higher reliability. Successful prediction of soil pollution achieved with FCM algorithm in this study indicated that fuzzy set theory had great potential for use in other areas of soil science.
文摘Data-mining is a kind of solution for solving the problem of information exploding. Classification and prediction belong to the most fundamental tasks in data-mining field. Many experiments have showed that the results of ensemble of learning methods are generally better than those of single learning methods under most of the time. In the sense,it is of great value to introduce ensemble of learning methods to data mining. This paper introduces data mining and ensemble of learning methods respectively,along with the analysis and formulation about the role ensemble of learning methods can act in some important practicing aspects of data mining:Text mining,multi-media information mining and web mining.
