This study delves into the combustion behavior of various lignite types within a circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFBB),with a primary focus on the impact of different bed material sphericity ratios(0.5,0.7,and 0.9).U...This study delves into the combustion behavior of various lignite types within a circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFBB),with a primary focus on the impact of different bed material sphericity ratios(0.5,0.7,and 0.9).Utilizing bed material with a sphericity ratio of 0.9 sourced from theÇan power plant and verified through experimentation,the research reveals several key findings.Notably,furnace temperatures tended to rise with higher sphericity ratios,albeit with variations between lignite types,particularly highlighting the complexity of this relationship in the case of GLI-Tunçbilek lignite.Pressure levels in the combustion chamber remained consistent across different sphericity ratios,indicating minimal influence on pressure dynamics.Improved combustion efficiency,especially at the bottom of the boiler,was observed at lower sphericity levels(0.5 and 0.7)forÇan lignite,as reflected in CO_(2) mole fractions.While NO_(x) emissions generally decreased with lower sphericity,the sensitivity to sphericity varied by lignite type,with Ilgın lignite showcasing low NO_(x) but high SO_(2) emissions,underscoring the intricate interplay between lignite properties,sphericity,and emissions.Overall,this study advances our understanding of CFBB combustion dynamics,offering insights valuable for optimizing performance and emissions control,particularly in lignite-based power.展开更多
The aim of this work was a study of the functional activity of neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes in rats with the transplanted Walker carcinosarcoma as potential predictors of the sensitivity of this tumor to...The aim of this work was a study of the functional activity of neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes in rats with the transplanted Walker carcinosarcoma as potential predictors of the sensitivity of this tumor to doxorubicin treatment. This study provides an evidence that such indices of the functional activity of circulating phagocytes of the tumor-bearing rats as the quantity and the phagocytosis intensity of monocytes, as well as the intensity of ROS production by monocytes and neutrophils, may reflect the degree of sensitivity of the tumor to doxorubicin. So it was shown that the growth of the resistant tumor caused a significant increase of the number of circulating phagocytic cells and the intensity of phagocytosis by more than 100% (p < 0.001) compared with the corresponding indices of intact rats and rats with the parental variant of the tumor. The ability of blood mono-cytes and neutrophils of rats with a resistant tumor to produce ROS was also significantly different from that in intact rats and animals with the parental carcinosarcoma variant. The predictive value of these indices is especially important in the dynamic monitoring of the development of tumor drug resistance during long-term cancer chemotherapy. Considering the standard 2 - 3 week interval between the courses of cancer therapy and the short lifetime of circulating phagocytes, an assessment of the indices of their functional activity before each subsequent course can be considered as a pretreatment assessment. Meanwhile, further studies are needed to determine the spectrum of malignant neoplasms for which the degree of tumor drug resistance correlates with the functional activity of circulating phagocytes.展开更多
Studies of wild animals’immunity often use comparison with laboratory-raised individuals.Using such an approach,various data were obtained concerning wild Norway rat’s immunity.Lower or higher potential of immune sy...Studies of wild animals’immunity often use comparison with laboratory-raised individuals.Using such an approach,various data were obtained concerning wild Norway rat’s immunity.Lower or higher potential of immune system cells to respond to activation stimuli were shown,because of analysis of disparate parameters and/or small number of analyzed individuals.Inconsistent differences between laboratory and wild rats were shown too,owing to great response variability in wild rats.We hypothesized that wild rats will express more intense immune activity compared to their laboratory counterparts which live in a less demanding environment.To test this,we analyzed the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6),a mediator which has a central role in host immune defense.In addition,we examined the activity of the central immune organ,the spleen,including cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-17(IL-17),which are major effectors of cellular adaptive immune response.In order to obtain reasonable insight into the immunity of wild Norway rats,analysis was conducted on a much larger number of individuals compared to other studies.Higher levels of plasma IL-6,higher spleen mass,cellularity and basal IFN-γproduction concomitantly with lower basal production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)revealed more intense immune activity in the wild compared to laboratory rats.However,lower responsiveness of their spleen cells’proinflammatory cytokine production to concanavalin A(ConA)stimulation,along with preserved capacity of IL-10 response,might be perceived as an indication of wild rats’reduced capability to cope with incoming environmental stimuli,but also as a means to limit tissue damage.展开更多
There is growing concern about food safety, environmental impact, and efficient energy usage in agricultural production systems. Producing lettuce under artificial lighting could be a solution addressing these concern...There is growing concern about food safety, environmental impact, and efficient energy usage in agricultural production systems. Producing lettuce under artificial lighting could be a solution addressing these concerns. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer the advantages of a narrow light spectrum, low power consumption, and little heat production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different light sources on the growth of miniature “Tom Thumb” butterhead lettuce in a non-circulating hydroponic system. Lettuce seedlings, started in Oasis Horticubes, were transferred to net pots in containers with a hydroponic nutrient solution. The lettuce was grown in a lab under three light treatments—blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights. At the end of the study, fluorescent lights resulted in greater root dry weight than blue LEDs and red LEDs. Total plant dry weight under fluorescent lights was greater than under red LEDs. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight and plant height among the treatments. Percent partitioning of dry weight to shoots was greatest with red LEDs, followed by blue LEDS, and fluorescent lights. Percent partitioning of dry weight to roots was greatest with fluorescent lights, followed by blue LEDS, and red LEDs. Leaf chlorophyll content was greater under blue LEDs and fluorescent lights than red LEDs. The pH of the nutrient solution of the blue LED and the fluorescent light treatments were greater than the red LED treatment. Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution of the fluorescent light treatment was greater than the blue LED treatment and the red LED treatment. In conclusion, LEDs could provide an alternative lighting source for miniature lettuce production.展开更多
文摘This study delves into the combustion behavior of various lignite types within a circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFBB),with a primary focus on the impact of different bed material sphericity ratios(0.5,0.7,and 0.9).Utilizing bed material with a sphericity ratio of 0.9 sourced from theÇan power plant and verified through experimentation,the research reveals several key findings.Notably,furnace temperatures tended to rise with higher sphericity ratios,albeit with variations between lignite types,particularly highlighting the complexity of this relationship in the case of GLI-Tunçbilek lignite.Pressure levels in the combustion chamber remained consistent across different sphericity ratios,indicating minimal influence on pressure dynamics.Improved combustion efficiency,especially at the bottom of the boiler,was observed at lower sphericity levels(0.5 and 0.7)forÇan lignite,as reflected in CO_(2) mole fractions.While NO_(x) emissions generally decreased with lower sphericity,the sensitivity to sphericity varied by lignite type,with Ilgın lignite showcasing low NO_(x) but high SO_(2) emissions,underscoring the intricate interplay between lignite properties,sphericity,and emissions.Overall,this study advances our understanding of CFBB combustion dynamics,offering insights valuable for optimizing performance and emissions control,particularly in lignite-based power.
文摘The aim of this work was a study of the functional activity of neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes in rats with the transplanted Walker carcinosarcoma as potential predictors of the sensitivity of this tumor to doxorubicin treatment. This study provides an evidence that such indices of the functional activity of circulating phagocytes of the tumor-bearing rats as the quantity and the phagocytosis intensity of monocytes, as well as the intensity of ROS production by monocytes and neutrophils, may reflect the degree of sensitivity of the tumor to doxorubicin. So it was shown that the growth of the resistant tumor caused a significant increase of the number of circulating phagocytic cells and the intensity of phagocytosis by more than 100% (p < 0.001) compared with the corresponding indices of intact rats and rats with the parental variant of the tumor. The ability of blood mono-cytes and neutrophils of rats with a resistant tumor to produce ROS was also significantly different from that in intact rats and animals with the parental carcinosarcoma variant. The predictive value of these indices is especially important in the dynamic monitoring of the development of tumor drug resistance during long-term cancer chemotherapy. Considering the standard 2 - 3 week interval between the courses of cancer therapy and the short lifetime of circulating phagocytes, an assessment of the indices of their functional activity before each subsequent course can be considered as a pretreatment assessment. Meanwhile, further studies are needed to determine the spectrum of malignant neoplasms for which the degree of tumor drug resistance correlates with the functional activity of circulating phagocytes.
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,Grant#173039.
文摘Studies of wild animals’immunity often use comparison with laboratory-raised individuals.Using such an approach,various data were obtained concerning wild Norway rat’s immunity.Lower or higher potential of immune system cells to respond to activation stimuli were shown,because of analysis of disparate parameters and/or small number of analyzed individuals.Inconsistent differences between laboratory and wild rats were shown too,owing to great response variability in wild rats.We hypothesized that wild rats will express more intense immune activity compared to their laboratory counterparts which live in a less demanding environment.To test this,we analyzed the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6),a mediator which has a central role in host immune defense.In addition,we examined the activity of the central immune organ,the spleen,including cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-17(IL-17),which are major effectors of cellular adaptive immune response.In order to obtain reasonable insight into the immunity of wild Norway rats,analysis was conducted on a much larger number of individuals compared to other studies.Higher levels of plasma IL-6,higher spleen mass,cellularity and basal IFN-γproduction concomitantly with lower basal production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)revealed more intense immune activity in the wild compared to laboratory rats.However,lower responsiveness of their spleen cells’proinflammatory cytokine production to concanavalin A(ConA)stimulation,along with preserved capacity of IL-10 response,might be perceived as an indication of wild rats’reduced capability to cope with incoming environmental stimuli,but also as a means to limit tissue damage.
文摘There is growing concern about food safety, environmental impact, and efficient energy usage in agricultural production systems. Producing lettuce under artificial lighting could be a solution addressing these concerns. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer the advantages of a narrow light spectrum, low power consumption, and little heat production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different light sources on the growth of miniature “Tom Thumb” butterhead lettuce in a non-circulating hydroponic system. Lettuce seedlings, started in Oasis Horticubes, were transferred to net pots in containers with a hydroponic nutrient solution. The lettuce was grown in a lab under three light treatments—blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights. At the end of the study, fluorescent lights resulted in greater root dry weight than blue LEDs and red LEDs. Total plant dry weight under fluorescent lights was greater than under red LEDs. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight and plant height among the treatments. Percent partitioning of dry weight to shoots was greatest with red LEDs, followed by blue LEDS, and fluorescent lights. Percent partitioning of dry weight to roots was greatest with fluorescent lights, followed by blue LEDS, and red LEDs. Leaf chlorophyll content was greater under blue LEDs and fluorescent lights than red LEDs. The pH of the nutrient solution of the blue LED and the fluorescent light treatments were greater than the red LED treatment. Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution of the fluorescent light treatment was greater than the blue LED treatment and the red LED treatment. In conclusion, LEDs could provide an alternative lighting source for miniature lettuce production.
