A high-quality electron transport layer(ETL)is a critical component for the realization of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.We developed a controllable direct-contact reaction process to prepare a chlorinated Sn...A high-quality electron transport layer(ETL)is a critical component for the realization of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.We developed a controllable direct-contact reaction process to prepare a chlorinated SnO2(SnO2-Cl)ETL.It is unique in that(a)102-dichlorobenzene is used to provide more reactive Cl radicals for more in-depth passivation;(b)it does not introduce any impurities other than chlorine.It is found that the chlorine modification significantly improves the electron extraction.Consequently,its associated solar cell efficiency is increased from 17.01%to 17.81%comparing to the pristine SnO2 ETL without the modification.The hysteresis index is significantly reduced to 0.017 for the SnO2-Cl ETL.展开更多
The efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells(PSCs) are designed and fabricated, using a polymer acceptor of NDP-V-C7 and analogue co-donors containing a chlorinated polymer PBCl T and classical PTB7-Th. PBCl T and PT...The efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells(PSCs) are designed and fabricated, using a polymer acceptor of NDP-V-C7 and analogue co-donors containing a chlorinated polymer PBCl T and classical PTB7-Th. PBCl T and PTB7-Th possess very similar chemical structure and matched energy levels to form the cascade of the co-donors. Meanwhile, benefiting from those analogous polymer structures, there is little influence of the morphology in blend film compared to their pristine polymer films. The binary PBCl T:NDP-V-C7 devices exhibit a high open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) due to the deep HOMO level of PBCl T. The V_(oc)of all-PSCs could be finely manipulated by adjusting the content of PBCl T in blend film. The ternary all-PSCs have the more balanced charge mobility and prolonged carrier lifetime compared to the binary devices. The PBCl T also help improve the miscibility of ternary blend and suppress crystallization in films, bringing about favorable morphology with appropriate orientation and surface roughness in blend film. With the optimal processing, the champion ternary all-PSCs obtain a high PCE of 9.03%, which is about 10% enhancement compared to that of binary device. The results indicate that the ternary approach using analogue co-donors is a practical method to enhance the performance of all-PSCs.展开更多
Pristine alpine regions are ideal regions for investigating the long-range atmospheric transport and cold trapping effects of short chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs).The concentrations and alpine condensation of SCCP...Pristine alpine regions are ideal regions for investigating the long-range atmospheric transport and cold trapping effects of short chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs).The concentrations and alpine condensation of SCCPs were investigated in lichen samples collected from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 3098 to 6999 ng/g lipid weight(lw)and appeared to have an increasing trend with altitude.For congeners,C10 dominated among all the congener groups.The different environmental behavior for different congener groups was closely related to their octanol-air partition coefficient(Koa).C10 congeners showed an increasing trend with altitude,whereas C13 congeners were negatively correlated with altitude.Volumetric bioconcentration factors(BCF)of SCCPs reached 8.71 in lichens,which were higher than other semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)such as organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD).These results suggested that SCCPs were prone to accumulate in the lichen from the air and provided evidence for the role of lichens as a suitable atmospheric indicator in the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
The project MAGPIan, funded by the European Commission under the program LIFE＋2008, aims to develop and implement an optimal strategy for integral groundwater investigation and efficient remediation of key sources of...The project MAGPIan, funded by the European Commission under the program LIFE＋2008, aims to develop and implement an optimal strategy for integral groundwater investigation and efficient remediation of key sources of pollution for the whole inner city area. The first investigations included descriptions of the complex hydro-geological system of the eight aquifers, drilling of monitoring wells and set up of the conceptual contaminant model. A conceptual contaminant model was developed to describe the status quo of the present contaminant distribution, as well as the basic processes controlling contaminant migration within the observed aquifers. This included the characterization of redox conditions and natural chlorinated hydrocarbons degradation processes, as well as age dating, forensic interpretations with respect to the contaminant origin, and determination of radioactive and stable isotopes. Further on, a numerical unsteady groundwater flow and contaminant transport model were developed, which enabled a quantitative description of the mass balance within the project area. The unsteady numerical model provided detection of migration paths in the valley of Stuttgart and identification of key sources of pollution.展开更多
Non-chlorinated solvents are highly preferable for organic electronic processing due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. Four different halogen-free solvents, tetrafuran, toluene, meta-xylene and 1,2,4-...Non-chlorinated solvents are highly preferable for organic electronic processing due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. Four different halogen-free solvents, tetrafuran, toluene, meta-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethyl- benzene, were selected to fabricate n-channel organic thin film transistors （OTFTs） based on 3-hexylundecyl sub- stituted naphthalene diimides fused with （1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene）malononitrile groups （NDI3HU-DTYM2）. The OTFTs based on NDI3HU-DTYM2 showed electron mobility of up to 1.37 cm2-V-1·s -1 under ambient condition. This is among the highest device performance for n-channel OTFTs processed from halogen-free solvents. The dif- ferent thin-film morphologies, from featureless low crystalline morphology to well-aligned nanofibres, have a great effect on the device performance. These results might shed some light on solvent selection and the resulting solution process for organic electronic devices.展开更多
基金The authors thank the financial support received from the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(No.2017R1A2B3010927)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2014R1A4A1008474)+1 种基金Creative Materials Discovery Program(2016M3D1A1027664)National University Research Fund(GK201903051).
文摘A high-quality electron transport layer(ETL)is a critical component for the realization of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.We developed a controllable direct-contact reaction process to prepare a chlorinated SnO2(SnO2-Cl)ETL.It is unique in that(a)102-dichlorobenzene is used to provide more reactive Cl radicals for more in-depth passivation;(b)it does not introduce any impurities other than chlorine.It is found that the chlorine modification significantly improves the electron extraction.Consequently,its associated solar cell efficiency is increased from 17.01%to 17.81%comparing to the pristine SnO2 ETL without the modification.The hysteresis index is significantly reduced to 0.017 for the SnO2-Cl ETL.
基金supported by the SUSTech, the Recruitment Program of Global Youth Experts of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773087, 21733005)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030313637)+1 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (JCYJ20170817111214740)Shenzhen Nobel Prize Scientists Laboratory Project (C17783101)
文摘The efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells(PSCs) are designed and fabricated, using a polymer acceptor of NDP-V-C7 and analogue co-donors containing a chlorinated polymer PBCl T and classical PTB7-Th. PBCl T and PTB7-Th possess very similar chemical structure and matched energy levels to form the cascade of the co-donors. Meanwhile, benefiting from those analogous polymer structures, there is little influence of the morphology in blend film compared to their pristine polymer films. The binary PBCl T:NDP-V-C7 devices exhibit a high open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) due to the deep HOMO level of PBCl T. The V_(oc)of all-PSCs could be finely manipulated by adjusting the content of PBCl T in blend film. The ternary all-PSCs have the more balanced charge mobility and prolonged carrier lifetime compared to the binary devices. The PBCl T also help improve the miscibility of ternary blend and suppress crystallization in films, bringing about favorable morphology with appropriate orientation and surface roughness in blend film. With the optimal processing, the champion ternary all-PSCs obtain a high PCE of 9.03%, which is about 10% enhancement compared to that of binary device. The results indicate that the ternary approach using analogue co-donors is a practical method to enhance the performance of all-PSCs.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road(Pan-TPE)(No.XDA2004050203)+3 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21906096)the Youth Science Funds of Shandong Academy of Sciences(No.2019QN008)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2018052)。
文摘Pristine alpine regions are ideal regions for investigating the long-range atmospheric transport and cold trapping effects of short chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs).The concentrations and alpine condensation of SCCPs were investigated in lichen samples collected from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 3098 to 6999 ng/g lipid weight(lw)and appeared to have an increasing trend with altitude.For congeners,C10 dominated among all the congener groups.The different environmental behavior for different congener groups was closely related to their octanol-air partition coefficient(Koa).C10 congeners showed an increasing trend with altitude,whereas C13 congeners were negatively correlated with altitude.Volumetric bioconcentration factors(BCF)of SCCPs reached 8.71 in lichens,which were higher than other semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)such as organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD).These results suggested that SCCPs were prone to accumulate in the lichen from the air and provided evidence for the role of lichens as a suitable atmospheric indicator in the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘The project MAGPIan, funded by the European Commission under the program LIFE＋2008, aims to develop and implement an optimal strategy for integral groundwater investigation and efficient remediation of key sources of pollution for the whole inner city area. The first investigations included descriptions of the complex hydro-geological system of the eight aquifers, drilling of monitoring wells and set up of the conceptual contaminant model. A conceptual contaminant model was developed to describe the status quo of the present contaminant distribution, as well as the basic processes controlling contaminant migration within the observed aquifers. This included the characterization of redox conditions and natural chlorinated hydrocarbons degradation processes, as well as age dating, forensic interpretations with respect to the contaminant origin, and determination of radioactive and stable isotopes. Further on, a numerical unsteady groundwater flow and contaminant transport model were developed, which enabled a quantitative description of the mass balance within the project area. The unsteady numerical model provided detection of migration paths in the valley of Stuttgart and identification of key sources of pollution.
基金the ＂Strategic Priority Research Program＂ （XDB12010100） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51173200 and 21522209）, the Ministry of Science and Technology （2011CB932300）, and the Chinese Acade- my of Sciences. We thank Professor Steven Abbott for helpful discussion about Hansen Solubility Parameter.
文摘Non-chlorinated solvents are highly preferable for organic electronic processing due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. Four different halogen-free solvents, tetrafuran, toluene, meta-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethyl- benzene, were selected to fabricate n-channel organic thin film transistors （OTFTs） based on 3-hexylundecyl sub- stituted naphthalene diimides fused with （1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene）malononitrile groups （NDI3HU-DTYM2）. The OTFTs based on NDI3HU-DTYM2 showed electron mobility of up to 1.37 cm2-V-1·s -1 under ambient condition. This is among the highest device performance for n-channel OTFTs processed from halogen-free solvents. The dif- ferent thin-film morphologies, from featureless low crystalline morphology to well-aligned nanofibres, have a great effect on the device performance. These results might shed some light on solvent selection and the resulting solution process for organic electronic devices.
