In recent years, great attention has been paid to the exploitation and use of biomass energy.Using bamboo as the raw material to produce energy and other chemicals is significantly important.A primary study was made o...In recent years, great attention has been paid to the exploitation and use of biomass energy.Using bamboo as the raw material to produce energy and other chemicals is significantly important.A primary study was made on the pubescens,one kind of bamboo distributed broadly in China with fast growth rate.The contents of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin in different parts of pubescens with different growth ages, as major components of the cell wall,were determined.The analysis procedures were as follows:firstly the substances other than the above mentioned three were removed chemically, then the hydrolyzed cellulose liquid was oxidized with excess oxidants,and at last titrated.Pubescens powder was packed into the quartz tube reactor, then was heated from room temperature to 300,350, 400, 450, 500, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃ respectively in flowing N 2.Pyrolysis was held at the final temperature for 10 h.The liquid products were analyzed with GC/MS.The main products in the liquid obtained were: acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,etc.The pyrolysis temperature exerted great effect on the composition of the liquid products.The distribution of the products could be regulated by controlling pyrolysis temperature.展开更多
Soil degradation,characterized by declines in nutrient status and simultaneous accumulation of pesticide residues,is a major problem affecting agricultural ecosystems.Previous studies indicate that biochar application...Soil degradation,characterized by declines in nutrient status and simultaneous accumulation of pesticide residues,is a major problem affecting agricultural ecosystems.Previous studies indicate that biochar application to soil has promise as a practical method to alleviate these pressures:increasing crop yield and enhancing pesticide degradation.Here,we review the roles of biochar in both chemical and biological promotion of pesticide degradation and the potential benefits of biochar relating to the efficiency of fertilizer use,availability of nutrients,and nutrient exchange.Biochar typically has a high surface area featuring many functional groups,a high cation exchange capacity,and high stability.Major factors that impact on the nutrient retention characteristics of biochar(e.g.,feedstock,pyrolysis temperature,and application rate) are also discussed herein.Nonetheless,more studies of the long-term impacts on soil properties from biochar addition are still required before it can be possible to accurately quantify the sustainability of this approach to sequester carbon and restore soil function.展开更多
文摘In recent years, great attention has been paid to the exploitation and use of biomass energy.Using bamboo as the raw material to produce energy and other chemicals is significantly important.A primary study was made on the pubescens,one kind of bamboo distributed broadly in China with fast growth rate.The contents of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin in different parts of pubescens with different growth ages, as major components of the cell wall,were determined.The analysis procedures were as follows:firstly the substances other than the above mentioned three were removed chemically, then the hydrolyzed cellulose liquid was oxidized with excess oxidants,and at last titrated.Pubescens powder was packed into the quartz tube reactor, then was heated from room temperature to 300,350, 400, 450, 500, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃ respectively in flowing N 2.Pyrolysis was held at the final temperature for 10 h.The liquid products were analyzed with GC/MS.The main products in the liquid obtained were: acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,etc.The pyrolysis temperature exerted great effect on the composition of the liquid products.The distribution of the products could be regulated by controlling pyrolysis temperature.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation and Innovation Group of China(Nos.41271332 and 51521006)
文摘Soil degradation,characterized by declines in nutrient status and simultaneous accumulation of pesticide residues,is a major problem affecting agricultural ecosystems.Previous studies indicate that biochar application to soil has promise as a practical method to alleviate these pressures:increasing crop yield and enhancing pesticide degradation.Here,we review the roles of biochar in both chemical and biological promotion of pesticide degradation and the potential benefits of biochar relating to the efficiency of fertilizer use,availability of nutrients,and nutrient exchange.Biochar typically has a high surface area featuring many functional groups,a high cation exchange capacity,and high stability.Major factors that impact on the nutrient retention characteristics of biochar(e.g.,feedstock,pyrolysis temperature,and application rate) are also discussed herein.Nonetheless,more studies of the long-term impacts on soil properties from biochar addition are still required before it can be possible to accurately quantify the sustainability of this approach to sequester carbon and restore soil function.
