Two eruption episodes are identified through systematic field investigations and K-Ar dating of the late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the North Huaiyang belt (NHB), Dabie orogenic belt, of which the earlier volcanic sui...Two eruption episodes are identified through systematic field investigations and K-Ar dating of the late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the North Huaiyang belt (NHB), Dabie orogenic belt, of which the earlier volcanic suite termed Maotanchang Fm. (Fm.) occurring at Jinzhai, Xianhualing and Maotanchang, etc., was erupted from 149 Ma to 138 Ma. The other named Xiaotian Fm. mainly distributed at Xiaotian, Shucheng, etc., was formed between 132 Ma and 116 Ma. During the eruption gap of the two volcanic suites deposited a volcano-sedimentary conglomerate layer, which are composed of the multi-compositional gravels, including the North Dabie orthogneiss complex (NDOC), volcanic gravels, etc. These volcanic gravels in the conglomerate layer show identical geochemical and isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr(t) =0.7084-0.7092,εNd(t) =-21.8--24.4) to the Maotanchang Fm. volcanic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7086-0.7102,εNd = -19.2-24.4), but significantly distinct from those of Xiaotian Fm. (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076-0.7084, εNd=展开更多
2004年2月、9月、12月和2005年3月,利用澳大利亚产的微侵蚀计(M EM,M icroe-rosion m eter)对湖南郴州礼家洞观测点非岩溶流水中的碳酸盐岩(包括石灰岩和白云岩)试块进行了侵蚀速率的精确测定,共取得数据1550个。用SPSS应用软件对数据...2004年2月、9月、12月和2005年3月,利用澳大利亚产的微侵蚀计(M EM,M icroe-rosion m eter)对湖南郴州礼家洞观测点非岩溶流水中的碳酸盐岩(包括石灰岩和白云岩)试块进行了侵蚀速率的精确测定,共取得数据1550个。用SPSS应用软件对数据进行了处理,发现礼家洞非岩溶流水中的碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率异常的高,最大的达到了13.6mm/a。在每次测量碳酸盐岩侵蚀速率的同时,使用德国WTW公司生产的MultilineP3多参数自动记录仪,对每个碳酸盐岩试块放置点的水温、pH值、电导率进行了现场监测,并取回水样分析了其中的主要阴阳离子浓度。通过对这些水化学资料的分析,发现礼家洞非岩溶流水的侵蚀能力很强,表现在水的CO2分压很高(可达到12882Pa),而方解石和白云石的饱和指数很低(分别达到-4.78和-10.35)。对比发现,非岩溶流水中碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率与其方解石和白云石的饱和指数呈负相关关系,即水中方解石和白云石的饱和指数愈低,碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率就愈高。此外,观察发现,碳酸盐岩试块本身的结构特别是本试验中白云岩的粗晶结构对其侵蚀速率有巨大的影响,反映了机械侵蚀(流水的物理搬运)对侵蚀速率的贡献(可达90%以上),这与传统的将碳酸盐岩试片放入土壤中测得的主要是化学溶蚀速率不同。展开更多
The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tilla...The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and展开更多
To describe the deformation and strength characteristics of the corroded rock-like specimens containing a single crack under uniaxial compression,a damage constitutive model combining hydro-chemical damage with coupli...To describe the deformation and strength characteristics of the corroded rock-like specimens containing a single crack under uniaxial compression,a damage constitutive model combining hydro-chemical damage with coupling damage of micro-flaws and macro-cracks is proposed.Firstly,based on phenomenological theory,the damage variable of the rock-like specimens subjected to water environment erosion and chemical corrosion is obtained.Secondly,a coupled damage variable for cracked rock-like specimens is derived based on the Lemaitre strain equivalence hypothesis,which combines the Weibull statistical damage model for micro-flaws and the fracture mechanics model for a macro single crack.Then,considering the residual strength characteristics of the rock-like materials,the damage variable is modified by introducing the correction coefficient,and the damage constitutive model of the corroded rock-like specimens with a single crack under uniaxial compression is established.The model is verified by comparing the experimental stress−strain curves,and the results are in good agreement with those provided in the literature.Finally,the correction coefficient of the damage variable proposed in this paper is discussed.The damage constitutive model developed in this paper provides an effective method to describe the stress−strain relationship and residual strength characteristics of the corroded rock-like specimens with a single crack under uniaxial compression.展开更多
基金This work was jointly supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49873011 and 40073011) the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Nos. G1999075504 and G1999043302).
文摘Two eruption episodes are identified through systematic field investigations and K-Ar dating of the late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the North Huaiyang belt (NHB), Dabie orogenic belt, of which the earlier volcanic suite termed Maotanchang Fm. (Fm.) occurring at Jinzhai, Xianhualing and Maotanchang, etc., was erupted from 149 Ma to 138 Ma. The other named Xiaotian Fm. mainly distributed at Xiaotian, Shucheng, etc., was formed between 132 Ma and 116 Ma. During the eruption gap of the two volcanic suites deposited a volcano-sedimentary conglomerate layer, which are composed of the multi-compositional gravels, including the North Dabie orthogneiss complex (NDOC), volcanic gravels, etc. These volcanic gravels in the conglomerate layer show identical geochemical and isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr(t) =0.7084-0.7092,εNd(t) =-21.8--24.4) to the Maotanchang Fm. volcanic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7086-0.7102,εNd = -19.2-24.4), but significantly distinct from those of Xiaotian Fm. (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076-0.7084, εNd=
文摘2004年2月、9月、12月和2005年3月,利用澳大利亚产的微侵蚀计(M EM,M icroe-rosion m eter)对湖南郴州礼家洞观测点非岩溶流水中的碳酸盐岩(包括石灰岩和白云岩)试块进行了侵蚀速率的精确测定,共取得数据1550个。用SPSS应用软件对数据进行了处理,发现礼家洞非岩溶流水中的碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率异常的高,最大的达到了13.6mm/a。在每次测量碳酸盐岩侵蚀速率的同时,使用德国WTW公司生产的MultilineP3多参数自动记录仪,对每个碳酸盐岩试块放置点的水温、pH值、电导率进行了现场监测,并取回水样分析了其中的主要阴阳离子浓度。通过对这些水化学资料的分析,发现礼家洞非岩溶流水的侵蚀能力很强,表现在水的CO2分压很高(可达到12882Pa),而方解石和白云石的饱和指数很低(分别达到-4.78和-10.35)。对比发现,非岩溶流水中碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率与其方解石和白云石的饱和指数呈负相关关系,即水中方解石和白云石的饱和指数愈低,碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率就愈高。此外,观察发现,碳酸盐岩试块本身的结构特别是本试验中白云岩的粗晶结构对其侵蚀速率有巨大的影响,反映了机械侵蚀(流水的物理搬运)对侵蚀速率的贡献(可达90%以上),这与传统的将碳酸盐岩试片放入土壤中测得的主要是化学溶蚀速率不同。
基金the Special Support Foundation of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CASthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40771027)
文摘The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and
基金Project(FRF-IDRY-20-013)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProjects(51974014,52074020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘To describe the deformation and strength characteristics of the corroded rock-like specimens containing a single crack under uniaxial compression,a damage constitutive model combining hydro-chemical damage with coupling damage of micro-flaws and macro-cracks is proposed.Firstly,based on phenomenological theory,the damage variable of the rock-like specimens subjected to water environment erosion and chemical corrosion is obtained.Secondly,a coupled damage variable for cracked rock-like specimens is derived based on the Lemaitre strain equivalence hypothesis,which combines the Weibull statistical damage model for micro-flaws and the fracture mechanics model for a macro single crack.Then,considering the residual strength characteristics of the rock-like materials,the damage variable is modified by introducing the correction coefficient,and the damage constitutive model of the corroded rock-like specimens with a single crack under uniaxial compression is established.The model is verified by comparing the experimental stress−strain curves,and the results are in good agreement with those provided in the literature.Finally,the correction coefficient of the damage variable proposed in this paper is discussed.The damage constitutive model developed in this paper provides an effective method to describe the stress−strain relationship and residual strength characteristics of the corroded rock-like specimens with a single crack under uniaxial compression.
