On-line monitoring of self-flocculating yeast cell p articles (SFYCPs) that were characterized by their weak strength, irregular morp hology, special size distribution, and so on, was realized by using the Focused Bea...On-line monitoring of self-flocculating yeast cell p articles (SFYCPs) that were characterized by their weak strength, irregular morp hology, special size distribution, and so on, was realized by using the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique.The experimental results showed go od correlation between the total counts of the FBRM chord length and the biomass concentration of SFYCPs, which could be used to measure the biomass concentrati on for the SFYCP system quantitatively.Furthermore, the mode of FBRM chord lengt h distribution was linearly correlated to both the mean (R2=0.986) and th e 95th percentile (R2=0.988)of the length-weighted chord length distribu tion, which could be used to evaluate SFYCP size distribution effectively.The CO 2 bubbles produced during cell growth/fermentation were observed and proved to create disturbance on on-line measurement of the SFYCP system.This disturbance could be excluded by estimating SFYCP size distribution based on the mode of FB RM chord length distribution.展开更多
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr...A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.展开更多
Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and b...Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and biochemicals.A green approach to producing lightweight and high specific surface area(SSA)activated carbons(ACs)from sustainable biomass sources is of great interest to producers and users of energy devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.While direct conversion from biomass has been studied extensively,AC with relatively high surface areas can be produced more cost-effectively when leveraged as a co-product from a biorefinery.In this paper,we discuss the production of high specific surface area activated carbons from residual fiber(fiber remaining after extraction of C5-sugars)generated as part of a C5 biorefinery.The surface,morphological characteristics using SEM and TEM,and energy storage behavior of ACs produced using the C5 extracted residual fiber were evaluated in the present study.The ACs produced from the residual fiber delivered an order of magnitude higher surface area than the one directly from corn pericarp fiber and soy hulls.The surface area of the ACs produced from pre-hydrolysis DDG was only 10 m^(2)/g compared to 689 m^(2)/g for soy hulls whereas after hydrolysis these values increased significantly(DDG:1700 m^(2)/g and soy hulls:1300 m^(2)/g).TEM images indicated high exfoliation,explaining the change in surface area values.Under the same current density(500 mA/g)the cycling performance of the ACs increased as the surface area increased significantly.展开更多
文摘On-line monitoring of self-flocculating yeast cell p articles (SFYCPs) that were characterized by their weak strength, irregular morp hology, special size distribution, and so on, was realized by using the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique.The experimental results showed go od correlation between the total counts of the FBRM chord length and the biomass concentration of SFYCPs, which could be used to measure the biomass concentrati on for the SFYCP system quantitatively.Furthermore, the mode of FBRM chord lengt h distribution was linearly correlated to both the mean (R2=0.986) and th e 95th percentile (R2=0.988)of the length-weighted chord length distribu tion, which could be used to evaluate SFYCP size distribution effectively.The CO 2 bubbles produced during cell growth/fermentation were observed and proved to create disturbance on on-line measurement of the SFYCP system.This disturbance could be excluded by estimating SFYCP size distribution based on the mode of FB RM chord length distribution.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51378417)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13089)PhD Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
文摘A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.
文摘Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and biochemicals.A green approach to producing lightweight and high specific surface area(SSA)activated carbons(ACs)from sustainable biomass sources is of great interest to producers and users of energy devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.While direct conversion from biomass has been studied extensively,AC with relatively high surface areas can be produced more cost-effectively when leveraged as a co-product from a biorefinery.In this paper,we discuss the production of high specific surface area activated carbons from residual fiber(fiber remaining after extraction of C5-sugars)generated as part of a C5 biorefinery.The surface,morphological characteristics using SEM and TEM,and energy storage behavior of ACs produced using the C5 extracted residual fiber were evaluated in the present study.The ACs produced from the residual fiber delivered an order of magnitude higher surface area than the one directly from corn pericarp fiber and soy hulls.The surface area of the ACs produced from pre-hydrolysis DDG was only 10 m^(2)/g compared to 689 m^(2)/g for soy hulls whereas after hydrolysis these values increased significantly(DDG:1700 m^(2)/g and soy hulls:1300 m^(2)/g).TEM images indicated high exfoliation,explaining the change in surface area values.Under the same current density(500 mA/g)the cycling performance of the ACs increased as the surface area increased significantly.
