本研究借助低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)测定经不同电子束辐照(electron beam irradiation,EBI)剂量处理后的大豆浓缩蛋白粉的水分分布信息,并通过热变性实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform...本研究借助低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)测定经不同电子束辐照(electron beam irradiation,EBI)剂量处理后的大豆浓缩蛋白粉的水分分布信息,并通过热变性实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared,FT-IR)初步探究了EBI对大豆浓缩蛋白粉水分变化的影响及其变化机制。结果表明,大豆浓缩蛋白粉中的主要水组分为与大豆蛋白分子紧密结合的结合水(T_(21),占97.0%±0.7%)。随着EBI剂量的增加,结合水和总水分含量均先增大后减小,在5.40 kGy时达到最大值。经热变性实验和FT-IR光谱图分析得知EBI处理不会改变大豆浓缩蛋白粉的变性温度,但是能引起结合水中的O-H基团与氨基酸中的C=O所形成的分子内H键以及分子间H键振动增强。这些结果不仅表明EBI可通过改变大豆蛋白分子内和分子间的H键作用来影响其水分分布及含量,还为进一步探究经EBI处理的蛋白类食品中的水分迁移机制奠定了基础。展开更多
Based on the measured discharge,sediment load,and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2015 for the lower Yellow River,changes in the morphological parameters(width,depth,and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient)of the...Based on the measured discharge,sediment load,and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2015 for the lower Yellow River,changes in the morphological parameters(width,depth,and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient)of the main channel are analyzed in this paper.The results show that before the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir(XLDR)from 1986 to 1999,the main channel shrunk continually,with decreasing width and depth.The rate of reduction in its width decreased along the river whereas that of depth increased in the downstream direction.Because the rate of decrease in the width of the main channel was greater than that in channel depth,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in the sub-reach above Gaocun.By contrast,for the sub-reach below Gaocun,the rate of decrease in channel width was smaller than that in channel depth,and the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient increased.Once the XLDR had begun operation,the main channel eroded continually,and both its width and depth increased from 2000 to 2015.The rate of increase in channel width decreased in the longitudinal direction,and the depth of the main channel in all sub-reaches increased by more than 2 m.Because the rate of increase in the depth of the main channel was clearly larger than that of its width,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in all sub-reaches.The cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel of the lower Yellow River exhibited different adjustment patterns before and after the XLDR began operation.Before its operation,the main channel mainly narrowed in the transverse direction and silted in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below Aishan,it primarily silted in the vertical direction.After the XLDR began operation,the main channel adjusted by widening in the transverse direction and deepening in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below it,the main channel adjusted mainly by deepening in the vertical direction.Compared with the rates of decrease in展开更多
We consider the characteristics of long-term changes in non-tidal gravity and their implication to the local perturbations in barometric pressure and water storage and to the local vertical crustal movement using the ...We consider the characteristics of long-term changes in non-tidal gravity and their implication to the local perturbations in barometric pressure and water storage and to the local vertical crustal movement using the long-term continuous gravity observations from a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at Wu-han station,together with the co-site measurements from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and an absolute gravimeter FG5. The observation results indicate that there are obvious seasonal variations in the long-term gravity changes measured with the SG. About 70 percent of the whole sea-sonal changes come from the contribution of the local disturbances in air pressure and water storage,while over 95 percent of the annual changes are attributed to the loading effects of these environmental perturbations. Due to the absence of direct measurements of the local water storage,especially those of the underground water,the global assimilating models of land water LaD (Land Dynamics) and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) cannot virtually describe the real hydrologic distur-bances around the station. The resulting gravity changes,which are simulated theoretically by means of convolution integration of the loading Green’s functions and water models LaD and GLDAS,show significantly time delay of about 55 days from those measured with the SG. Compared with the meas-urements of the absolute gravity with the FG5,the long-term drift rate of the SG is determined as about 17.13 nms-2/a. From the co-site GPS measurements,it is found that the local crust is slowly subsiding at a rate of 3.71±0.16 mm/a,and the related gravity variation is estimated as 13.88±0.22 nms-2/a. In other words,the ratio of the changes in gravity and altitude related to the local vertical crustal movement is about -37.41 nms-2/cm. It implies that a considerable mass adjustment may be associated with the local vertical crustal movement,and its dynamic mechanism should be investigated further.展开更多
文摘本研究借助低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)测定经不同电子束辐照(electron beam irradiation,EBI)剂量处理后的大豆浓缩蛋白粉的水分分布信息,并通过热变性实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared,FT-IR)初步探究了EBI对大豆浓缩蛋白粉水分变化的影响及其变化机制。结果表明,大豆浓缩蛋白粉中的主要水组分为与大豆蛋白分子紧密结合的结合水(T_(21),占97.0%±0.7%)。随着EBI剂量的增加,结合水和总水分含量均先增大后减小,在5.40 kGy时达到最大值。经热变性实验和FT-IR光谱图分析得知EBI处理不会改变大豆浓缩蛋白粉的变性温度,但是能引起结合水中的O-H基团与氨基酸中的C=O所形成的分子内H键以及分子间H键振动增强。这些结果不仅表明EBI可通过改变大豆蛋白分子内和分子间的H键作用来影响其水分分布及含量,还为进一步探究经EBI处理的蛋白类食品中的水分迁移机制奠定了基础。
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51639005National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0405202,No.2016YFC0402406。
文摘Based on the measured discharge,sediment load,and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2015 for the lower Yellow River,changes in the morphological parameters(width,depth,and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient)of the main channel are analyzed in this paper.The results show that before the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir(XLDR)from 1986 to 1999,the main channel shrunk continually,with decreasing width and depth.The rate of reduction in its width decreased along the river whereas that of depth increased in the downstream direction.Because the rate of decrease in the width of the main channel was greater than that in channel depth,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in the sub-reach above Gaocun.By contrast,for the sub-reach below Gaocun,the rate of decrease in channel width was smaller than that in channel depth,and the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient increased.Once the XLDR had begun operation,the main channel eroded continually,and both its width and depth increased from 2000 to 2015.The rate of increase in channel width decreased in the longitudinal direction,and the depth of the main channel in all sub-reaches increased by more than 2 m.Because the rate of increase in the depth of the main channel was clearly larger than that of its width,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in all sub-reaches.The cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel of the lower Yellow River exhibited different adjustment patterns before and after the XLDR began operation.Before its operation,the main channel mainly narrowed in the transverse direction and silted in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below Aishan,it primarily silted in the vertical direction.After the XLDR began operation,the main channel adjusted by widening in the transverse direction and deepening in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below it,the main channel adjusted mainly by deepening in the vertical direction.Compared with the rates of decrease in
基金the Key Project of the Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-133)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40574034 and 40730316)
文摘We consider the characteristics of long-term changes in non-tidal gravity and their implication to the local perturbations in barometric pressure and water storage and to the local vertical crustal movement using the long-term continuous gravity observations from a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at Wu-han station,together with the co-site measurements from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and an absolute gravimeter FG5. The observation results indicate that there are obvious seasonal variations in the long-term gravity changes measured with the SG. About 70 percent of the whole sea-sonal changes come from the contribution of the local disturbances in air pressure and water storage,while over 95 percent of the annual changes are attributed to the loading effects of these environmental perturbations. Due to the absence of direct measurements of the local water storage,especially those of the underground water,the global assimilating models of land water LaD (Land Dynamics) and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) cannot virtually describe the real hydrologic distur-bances around the station. The resulting gravity changes,which are simulated theoretically by means of convolution integration of the loading Green’s functions and water models LaD and GLDAS,show significantly time delay of about 55 days from those measured with the SG. Compared with the meas-urements of the absolute gravity with the FG5,the long-term drift rate of the SG is determined as about 17.13 nms-2/a. From the co-site GPS measurements,it is found that the local crust is slowly subsiding at a rate of 3.71±0.16 mm/a,and the related gravity variation is estimated as 13.88±0.22 nms-2/a. In other words,the ratio of the changes in gravity and altitude related to the local vertical crustal movement is about -37.41 nms-2/cm. It implies that a considerable mass adjustment may be associated with the local vertical crustal movement,and its dynamic mechanism should be investigated further.
