网络功能虚拟化(network function virtualization,NFV)旨在以软件的方式实现网络功能从而替代传统网络中的专有硬件设备.为了应对日益增长的资源密集型需求,面向软件的网络功能虚拟化带来了如虚拟网络功能的管理、低延迟的调度和虚拟...网络功能虚拟化(network function virtualization,NFV)旨在以软件的方式实现网络功能从而替代传统网络中的专有硬件设备.为了应对日益增长的资源密集型需求,面向软件的网络功能虚拟化带来了如虚拟网络功能的管理、低延迟的调度和虚拟网络资源分配等问题.虚拟网络功能调度问题本身为NP-hard,在虚拟网络功能资源调度延迟的特定问题上,为保证良好的用户体验,需要确保网络资源被合理地分配和协调以防止资源的过度供应和保持端到端低延迟.针对网络资源调度的延时问题建立了以最小化资源调度总体服务延迟为目标的整数线性规划模型.此外,为了满足网络动态性较高的特性,设计了一种基于贪婪的启发式算法,此算法首先构建辅助图,然后根据考虑到网络传播时延影响的不同业务链之间的时延影响分析来选择资源调度方案,并且对很多点处理功能采用了多路传输的方式.最终的实验结果表明:所提算法可以有效地指导模型的求解,在降低网络总体服务延时方面比之前相关研究有5%～15%的性能提升.展开更多
The paper studies the relationship, adjustment ability, path, efficiency and intensity of price transmission in the swine industry chain in China, which consists of the prices of corn, compound feed for fattening pig,...The paper studies the relationship, adjustment ability, path, efficiency and intensity of price transmission in the swine industry chain in China, which consists of the prices of corn, compound feed for fattening pig, piglet, pig and pork. Monthly prices covering a period of 18 yr （1994-2011） are analyzed using a Market-Chain Cooperated Model （MCM）. The empirical results show that there exists a stable long-term cointegration and short-term dynamic relationship in the price system. First, the adjustment speed of each price series is very slow and the transmission path is top-down and one-way significantly. Second, the price from upstream to downstream lags about 2 mort, while there is no lag in price transmission from midstream to downstream. Third, in terms of price transmission intensity, the price of pig impacted greatly on pork price, not only in the current period but also through the whole period. Besides, the price of corn has the largest lagged effects on pork price. According to the above empirical results, we suggest that government should strengthen monitoring and early warning of the swine industry chain, especially the upstream and midstream, attach great importance to the timely adjustment of feed prices and perfect the measures of price subsidy.展开更多
文摘网络功能虚拟化(network function virtualization,NFV)旨在以软件的方式实现网络功能从而替代传统网络中的专有硬件设备.为了应对日益增长的资源密集型需求,面向软件的网络功能虚拟化带来了如虚拟网络功能的管理、低延迟的调度和虚拟网络资源分配等问题.虚拟网络功能调度问题本身为NP-hard,在虚拟网络功能资源调度延迟的特定问题上,为保证良好的用户体验,需要确保网络资源被合理地分配和协调以防止资源的过度供应和保持端到端低延迟.针对网络资源调度的延时问题建立了以最小化资源调度总体服务延迟为目标的整数线性规划模型.此外,为了满足网络动态性较高的特性,设计了一种基于贪婪的启发式算法,此算法首先构建辅助图,然后根据考虑到网络传播时延影响的不同业务链之间的时延影响分析来选择资源调度方案,并且对很多点处理功能采用了多路传输的方式.最终的实验结果表明:所提算法可以有效地指导模型的求解,在降低网络总体服务延时方面比之前相关研究有5%～15%的性能提升.
基金supported by the Key Projects of National Key Technology R&D Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2012BAH20B04)the 948 Program of MoA of China(2012-Z1)the Technology and Construction of Agricultural Information Monitoring and Early Warning System of China(2012-ZL017)
文摘The paper studies the relationship, adjustment ability, path, efficiency and intensity of price transmission in the swine industry chain in China, which consists of the prices of corn, compound feed for fattening pig, piglet, pig and pork. Monthly prices covering a period of 18 yr （1994-2011） are analyzed using a Market-Chain Cooperated Model （MCM）. The empirical results show that there exists a stable long-term cointegration and short-term dynamic relationship in the price system. First, the adjustment speed of each price series is very slow and the transmission path is top-down and one-way significantly. Second, the price from upstream to downstream lags about 2 mort, while there is no lag in price transmission from midstream to downstream. Third, in terms of price transmission intensity, the price of pig impacted greatly on pork price, not only in the current period but also through the whole period. Besides, the price of corn has the largest lagged effects on pork price. According to the above empirical results, we suggest that government should strengthen monitoring and early warning of the swine industry chain, especially the upstream and midstream, attach great importance to the timely adjustment of feed prices and perfect the measures of price subsidy.
