This paper summarizes the research on non-structural elements and building contents being conducted at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Since the 2010-2011 series of Canterbury earthquakes, in which damage to ...This paper summarizes the research on non-structural elements and building contents being conducted at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Since the 2010-2011 series of Canterbury earthquakes, in which damage to non-structural components and contents contributed heavily to downtime and overall financial loss, attention to seismic performance and design of non-structural components and contents in buildings has increased exponentially in NZ. This has resulted in an increased allocation of resources to research leading to development of more resilient non-structural systems in buildings that would incur substantially less damage and cause little downtime during earthquakes. In the last few years, NZ researchers have made important developments in understanding and improving the seismic performance of secondary building elements such as partitions, facades, ceilings and contents.展开更多
Due to the different approaches in determining the ventilation airflow rate per person for workspaces,where high-temperature air conditioning systems are used for air conditioning,problems with the condensation of wat...Due to the different approaches in determining the ventilation airflow rate per person for workspaces,where high-temperature air conditioning systems are used for air conditioning,problems with the condensation of water vapour on the cold surfaces of the system can occur.The article analyses the risk of condensation in various European cities using the available climatic data.Systems with cooling ceilings and cooling beams with a ventilation device operating in parallel are taken into account.Different ventilation airflow rates per person were analysed.On the example of a room equipped with high-temperature cooling,an energy simulation calculation is performed,which includes a ventilation and air-conditioning system with the possibility of capacity control.It is clear from the results that the condensation of water vapour can be prevented by technical measures at the cost of reducing the cooling capacity,which can affect the achievement of the thermal comfort of those present.In the end,suitable solutions are discussed,which should already be adopted at the time the device is designed so that the risk of condensation is not a major obstacle in the operation of these energy-efficient systems.An irreplaceable role in the operation of high-temperature cooling systems is played by a measurement and control system with a suitable algorithm to prevent condensation.展开更多
One quarter scale experiment device of a typical L-shape architecture structure including a burning room and an adjacent hallway is established to carry out the research.The smoke characteristics at the sampling point...One quarter scale experiment device of a typical L-shape architecture structure including a burning room and an adjacent hallway is established to carry out the research.The smoke characteristics at the sampling points below the ceiling of the burning compartment and the roof of the hallway are studied systematically to find out the effects of different ceilings on the local fire origin compartment and the smoke transportation to a remote area.A series of tests is reported and the smoke residence time,the concentration peak and the concentration build up rate are investigated as functions of the type of the ceiling.The smoke residence time,the most important factor concerning smoke toxicity,is described by a novel concept,wavelength,in this study.Furthermore,it is worth emphasizing that the PVC ceiling exhibits a phenomenon of frequent collapse during the fire developing period.The single heat action is conducted to judge the smoke and the heat effect on the fire risk.展开更多
提出一种由冷弯薄壁C型钢托梁-轻质配筋蒸压加气混凝土板(ALC板)组合楼盖,并设计完成了6片该类组合楼盖足尺模型耐火试验,考察了吊顶类型、填充层、荷载水平等因素对组合楼盖耐火性能的影响。研究结果表明:1)当组合楼盖空腔岩棉填充层...提出一种由冷弯薄壁C型钢托梁-轻质配筋蒸压加气混凝土板(ALC板)组合楼盖,并设计完成了6片该类组合楼盖足尺模型耐火试验,考察了吊顶类型、填充层、荷载水平等因素对组合楼盖耐火性能的影响。研究结果表明:1)当组合楼盖空腔岩棉填充层不依靠吊顶板材即可固定于相邻托梁龙骨之间时,填充层对组合楼盖耐火起有利影响;带35 mm厚岩棉填充层的组合楼盖试件在2.0 k N/m2荷载水平下,耐火极限较类似构造的无填充层楼盖延长10.6%,达到83 min。2)组合楼盖耐火极限随荷载水平降低呈增大趋势,其中,采用双层防火石膏板吊顶的冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖试件,当荷载水平由5.0 k N/m2降至2.0 k N/m2时,耐火极限由65 min延长至75 min。3)组合楼盖的托梁龙骨受火屈曲破坏模式与楼盖荷载水平及吊顶构造无明显关联,表现为半波长为螺钉间距的跨中上翼缘高温畸变屈曲同时伴随相邻腹板、卷边高温局部屈曲破坏。4)玻镁板具有明显优于防火石膏板的耐火性能,空腔无填充层的单层15 mm玻镁板吊顶的组合楼盖试件在2.0 k N/m2荷载水平下,耐火极限达到84 min。组合楼盖试件均满足我国规范的多层民用建筑耐火极限要求。展开更多
基金co-funded by the University of Canterbury,Natural Hazards Platform (NHP)the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment (MBIE),New Zealand
文摘This paper summarizes the research on non-structural elements and building contents being conducted at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Since the 2010-2011 series of Canterbury earthquakes, in which damage to non-structural components and contents contributed heavily to downtime and overall financial loss, attention to seismic performance and design of non-structural components and contents in buildings has increased exponentially in NZ. This has resulted in an increased allocation of resources to research leading to development of more resilient non-structural systems in buildings that would incur substantially less damage and cause little downtime during earthquakes. In the last few years, NZ researchers have made important developments in understanding and improving the seismic performance of secondary building elements such as partitions, facades, ceilings and contents.
文摘Due to the different approaches in determining the ventilation airflow rate per person for workspaces,where high-temperature air conditioning systems are used for air conditioning,problems with the condensation of water vapour on the cold surfaces of the system can occur.The article analyses the risk of condensation in various European cities using the available climatic data.Systems with cooling ceilings and cooling beams with a ventilation device operating in parallel are taken into account.Different ventilation airflow rates per person were analysed.On the example of a room equipped with high-temperature cooling,an energy simulation calculation is performed,which includes a ventilation and air-conditioning system with the possibility of capacity control.It is clear from the results that the condensation of water vapour can be prevented by technical measures at the cost of reducing the cooling capacity,which can affect the achievement of the thermal comfort of those present.In the end,suitable solutions are discussed,which should already be adopted at the time the device is designed so that the risk of condensation is not a major obstacle in the operation of these energy-efficient systems.An irreplaceable role in the operation of high-temperature cooling systems is played by a measurement and control system with a suitable algorithm to prevent condensation.
文摘One quarter scale experiment device of a typical L-shape architecture structure including a burning room and an adjacent hallway is established to carry out the research.The smoke characteristics at the sampling points below the ceiling of the burning compartment and the roof of the hallway are studied systematically to find out the effects of different ceilings on the local fire origin compartment and the smoke transportation to a remote area.A series of tests is reported and the smoke residence time,the concentration peak and the concentration build up rate are investigated as functions of the type of the ceiling.The smoke residence time,the most important factor concerning smoke toxicity,is described by a novel concept,wavelength,in this study.Furthermore,it is worth emphasizing that the PVC ceiling exhibits a phenomenon of frequent collapse during the fire developing period.The single heat action is conducted to judge the smoke and the heat effect on the fire risk.
文摘提出一种由冷弯薄壁C型钢托梁-轻质配筋蒸压加气混凝土板(ALC板)组合楼盖,并设计完成了6片该类组合楼盖足尺模型耐火试验,考察了吊顶类型、填充层、荷载水平等因素对组合楼盖耐火性能的影响。研究结果表明:1)当组合楼盖空腔岩棉填充层不依靠吊顶板材即可固定于相邻托梁龙骨之间时,填充层对组合楼盖耐火起有利影响;带35 mm厚岩棉填充层的组合楼盖试件在2.0 k N/m2荷载水平下,耐火极限较类似构造的无填充层楼盖延长10.6%,达到83 min。2)组合楼盖耐火极限随荷载水平降低呈增大趋势,其中,采用双层防火石膏板吊顶的冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖试件,当荷载水平由5.0 k N/m2降至2.0 k N/m2时,耐火极限由65 min延长至75 min。3)组合楼盖的托梁龙骨受火屈曲破坏模式与楼盖荷载水平及吊顶构造无明显关联,表现为半波长为螺钉间距的跨中上翼缘高温畸变屈曲同时伴随相邻腹板、卷边高温局部屈曲破坏。4)玻镁板具有明显优于防火石膏板的耐火性能,空腔无填充层的单层15 mm玻镁板吊顶的组合楼盖试件在2.0 k N/m2荷载水平下,耐火极限达到84 min。组合楼盖试件均满足我国规范的多层民用建筑耐火极限要求。
