The development of fracture around pre-existing cylindrical cavities in brittle rocks was examined using physical models and acoustic emission technique. The experimental results indicate that when granite blocks cont...The development of fracture around pre-existing cylindrical cavities in brittle rocks was examined using physical models and acoustic emission technique. The experimental results indicate that when granite blocks containing one pre-existing cylindrical cavity are loaded in uniaxial compression condition, the profiles of cracks around the cavity can be characterized by tensile cracking （splitting parallel to the axial compression direction） at the roof-floor, compressive crack at two side walls, and remote or secondary cracks at the perimeter of the cavity. Moreover, fracture around cavity is size-dependent. In granite blocks containing pre-existing half-length cylindrical cavities, compressive stress concentration is found to initiate at the two sidewalls and induce shear crack propagation and coalescence. In granite blocks containing multiple parallel cylindrical cavities, the adjacent cylindrical cavities can influence each other and the eventual failure mode is determined by the interaction of tensile, compressive and shear stresses. Experimental results show that both tensile and compressive stresses play an important role in fracture evolution process around cavities in brittle rocks.展开更多
航行体以尾部向下姿态入水过程的研究对无动力运载体以及导弹回收等问题的解决具有重要意义.本文采用VOF (volume of fluid)多相流模型,并结合动网格技术,对航行体尾部向下姿态高速垂直入水过程展开研究.数值计算结果与实验[12]吻合度较...航行体以尾部向下姿态入水过程的研究对无动力运载体以及导弹回收等问题的解决具有重要意义.本文采用VOF (volume of fluid)多相流模型,并结合动网格技术,对航行体尾部向下姿态高速垂直入水过程展开研究.数值计算结果与实验[12]吻合度较好,验证了本文所采用数值方法的准确性与可行性.以航行体为研究对象,分析了航行体垂直入水过程中流体动力、入水空泡及流场结构的演变特性,进而讨论了入水速度对流体动力特性和入水空泡的影响规律.研究结果表明:在航行体入水过程中主要受到压差阻力的影响,在入水冲击阶段,航行体所受阻力系数在撞击自由液面时达到最大,随着入水时间的推移,总阻力系数缓慢降低,最终趋于稳定,空泡发生溃灭时产生微小波动.在入水空泡发展的过程中,在惯性力与内外压差的共同作用下,空泡壁面会同时存在扩张与收缩两种阶段.航行体垂直入水过程中阻力系数峰值随着入水速度的增大而增大,且随着速度的增大,空泡最大直径以及空泡收缩速率增大.空泡面闭合无量纲时间以及深闭合时入水空泡夹断深度与入水深度的比值随弗劳德数变化基本不变.展开更多
为分析空心弹高速入水的机理及其特性,基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程、VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型,引入Schnerr-Sauer空化模型和重叠网格技术对空心弹高速入水进行数值模拟研究,获得了通孔孔径和头部形...为分析空心弹高速入水的机理及其特性,基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程、VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型,引入Schnerr-Sauer空化模型和重叠网格技术对空心弹高速入水进行数值模拟研究,获得了通孔孔径和头部形状对空心弹的空化特性、空泡形态和入水运动特性的影响规律。研究显示数值计算的空泡形态和入水速度、位移曲线与实验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟方法的可行性。结果表明:当通孔孔径不同时,通孔孔径越大,空化现象越明显,通孔射流越长,但对空泡半径的影响不大;通孔孔径越小,空泡闭合时间越早,与水面碰撞产生的阻力系数峰值越高,空心弹入水稳定后其阻力系数也越大;无量纲直径在0.575~0.600之间时,空心弹的运动最为稳定。当头部锥角不同时,头部锥角越大,空泡直径越大,空化现象出现得越晚,但空化生成的速度更快;随着头部锥角的增大,阻力系数变大,空心弹的速度衰减变快,相同时间运动的距离较短;头部锥角越大,俯仰角的变化越小,空心弹的运动越稳定。展开更多
基金Projects(51004025,51174044)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011AA060400)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(N120501003)supported by Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaProject(LJQ2012024)supported by Department of Education of Liaoning Province,China
文摘The development of fracture around pre-existing cylindrical cavities in brittle rocks was examined using physical models and acoustic emission technique. The experimental results indicate that when granite blocks containing one pre-existing cylindrical cavity are loaded in uniaxial compression condition, the profiles of cracks around the cavity can be characterized by tensile cracking （splitting parallel to the axial compression direction） at the roof-floor, compressive crack at two side walls, and remote or secondary cracks at the perimeter of the cavity. Moreover, fracture around cavity is size-dependent. In granite blocks containing pre-existing half-length cylindrical cavities, compressive stress concentration is found to initiate at the two sidewalls and induce shear crack propagation and coalescence. In granite blocks containing multiple parallel cylindrical cavities, the adjacent cylindrical cavities can influence each other and the eventual failure mode is determined by the interaction of tensile, compressive and shear stresses. Experimental results show that both tensile and compressive stresses play an important role in fracture evolution process around cavities in brittle rocks.
文摘航行体以尾部向下姿态入水过程的研究对无动力运载体以及导弹回收等问题的解决具有重要意义.本文采用VOF (volume of fluid)多相流模型,并结合动网格技术,对航行体尾部向下姿态高速垂直入水过程展开研究.数值计算结果与实验[12]吻合度较好,验证了本文所采用数值方法的准确性与可行性.以航行体为研究对象,分析了航行体垂直入水过程中流体动力、入水空泡及流场结构的演变特性,进而讨论了入水速度对流体动力特性和入水空泡的影响规律.研究结果表明:在航行体入水过程中主要受到压差阻力的影响,在入水冲击阶段,航行体所受阻力系数在撞击自由液面时达到最大,随着入水时间的推移,总阻力系数缓慢降低,最终趋于稳定,空泡发生溃灭时产生微小波动.在入水空泡发展的过程中,在惯性力与内外压差的共同作用下,空泡壁面会同时存在扩张与收缩两种阶段.航行体垂直入水过程中阻力系数峰值随着入水速度的增大而增大,且随着速度的增大,空泡最大直径以及空泡收缩速率增大.空泡面闭合无量纲时间以及深闭合时入水空泡夹断深度与入水深度的比值随弗劳德数变化基本不变.
文摘为分析空心弹高速入水的机理及其特性,基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程、VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型,引入Schnerr-Sauer空化模型和重叠网格技术对空心弹高速入水进行数值模拟研究,获得了通孔孔径和头部形状对空心弹的空化特性、空泡形态和入水运动特性的影响规律。研究显示数值计算的空泡形态和入水速度、位移曲线与实验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟方法的可行性。结果表明:当通孔孔径不同时,通孔孔径越大,空化现象越明显,通孔射流越长,但对空泡半径的影响不大;通孔孔径越小,空泡闭合时间越早,与水面碰撞产生的阻力系数峰值越高,空心弹入水稳定后其阻力系数也越大;无量纲直径在0.575~0.600之间时,空心弹的运动最为稳定。当头部锥角不同时,头部锥角越大,空泡直径越大,空化现象出现得越晚,但空化生成的速度更快;随着头部锥角的增大,阻力系数变大,空心弹的速度衰减变快,相同时间运动的距离较短;头部锥角越大,俯仰角的变化越小,空心弹的运动越稳定。
