Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious worldwide issue which has posed great risks on marine ecosystems and public health by directly releasing toxins or indirectly leading to anoxia in marine environment. In recen...Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious worldwide issue which has posed great risks on marine ecosystems and public health by directly releasing toxins or indirectly leading to anoxia in marine environment. In recent years HABs have caused huge economic losses in China, particularly in the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS). The present study investigated the spatial-temporal and species characteristics of large-scale HABs in this area using geographic information system (GIS) Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) spatial analysis, statistical methods and satellite image interpretation. Results revealed that the Yangtze Estuary, Zhoushan island, Xiangshan bay and Jiushan island are the regions with highest frequency of large-scale HABs. HABs in the ECS reached a peak in terms of total number and area in 2003 to 2005 and occupied a high percentage (around 70% in area and 60% in occurrence) in the four Chinese coastal waters. The number of large-scale HABs (> 1000 km2) in the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent ECS declined after 2005 while that of HABs (> 100 km2) declined after 2008. Large-scale HABs occurrences concentrated in summer (May to July), and the averaged duration increased continually from the shortest time (1.3 days) in 2001 to the longest (10.9 days) in 2010 for each HAB. 17 causative species were found with Prorocentrum dentutam as the most frequent dominant species, followed by Skeletonema costatum, Karenia mikimotoi, and Chaetoceros curvisetus. Water discoloration observed in MODIS satellite true color images was well consistent with the corresponding HABs reported by State Oceanic Administration of China (SOA). Multiple factors involving eutrophication, physical dynamics, topography and deposition conditions contributed to the formation of frequent HABs in the ECS. Three strategies including establishing a synthesized system, improving the previous database and investigating multiple contributors were proposed for future HABs monitoring and management.展开更多
目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年1...目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月南京军区南京总医院普通外科重症胰腺炎治疗中心收治的243名IPN患者的临床资料。所有患者均采取阶梯式引流模式治疗IPN。根据患者临床结局分为病死组及存活组,比较2组患者的临床特点,并通过多因素回归分析探索IPN患者病死的危险因素。结果 2年内共纳入243名IPN患者,死亡32例,IPN整体病死率为13.17%。病死患者相比于存活患者,急性期器官功能障碍、急性肾功能损伤以及休克发生率明显增高,分别为(81.25%vs 50.23%)、(46.87%vs27.49%)、(90.62%vs 21.80%)。APACHEⅡ评分更高(13 vs 17),感染时间更早(52 d vs 23 d);感染期腹腔大出血、消化道瘘等并发症的发生率增高,开腹手术比例更高(59.37%vs 19.43%)。手术距发病时间更短[34(28,40)d vs 62(22,64)d]、ICU(11 d vs 54 d)及住院总天数更长(31 d vs 59 d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现,病死危险因素包括急性期器官功能障碍、感染时间、感染期并发症、开腹手术、ICU天数及住院天数。结论急性期器官功能障碍、感染及感染期并发症仍是阶梯式引流模式中IPN患者的主要病死原因,临床治疗中应加以重视。展开更多
文摘Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious worldwide issue which has posed great risks on marine ecosystems and public health by directly releasing toxins or indirectly leading to anoxia in marine environment. In recent years HABs have caused huge economic losses in China, particularly in the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS). The present study investigated the spatial-temporal and species characteristics of large-scale HABs in this area using geographic information system (GIS) Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) spatial analysis, statistical methods and satellite image interpretation. Results revealed that the Yangtze Estuary, Zhoushan island, Xiangshan bay and Jiushan island are the regions with highest frequency of large-scale HABs. HABs in the ECS reached a peak in terms of total number and area in 2003 to 2005 and occupied a high percentage (around 70% in area and 60% in occurrence) in the four Chinese coastal waters. The number of large-scale HABs (> 1000 km2) in the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent ECS declined after 2005 while that of HABs (> 100 km2) declined after 2008. Large-scale HABs occurrences concentrated in summer (May to July), and the averaged duration increased continually from the shortest time (1.3 days) in 2001 to the longest (10.9 days) in 2010 for each HAB. 17 causative species were found with Prorocentrum dentutam as the most frequent dominant species, followed by Skeletonema costatum, Karenia mikimotoi, and Chaetoceros curvisetus. Water discoloration observed in MODIS satellite true color images was well consistent with the corresponding HABs reported by State Oceanic Administration of China (SOA). Multiple factors involving eutrophication, physical dynamics, topography and deposition conditions contributed to the formation of frequent HABs in the ECS. Three strategies including establishing a synthesized system, improving the previous database and investigating multiple contributors were proposed for future HABs monitoring and management.
文摘目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月南京军区南京总医院普通外科重症胰腺炎治疗中心收治的243名IPN患者的临床资料。所有患者均采取阶梯式引流模式治疗IPN。根据患者临床结局分为病死组及存活组,比较2组患者的临床特点,并通过多因素回归分析探索IPN患者病死的危险因素。结果 2年内共纳入243名IPN患者,死亡32例,IPN整体病死率为13.17%。病死患者相比于存活患者,急性期器官功能障碍、急性肾功能损伤以及休克发生率明显增高,分别为(81.25%vs 50.23%)、(46.87%vs27.49%)、(90.62%vs 21.80%)。APACHEⅡ评分更高(13 vs 17),感染时间更早(52 d vs 23 d);感染期腹腔大出血、消化道瘘等并发症的发生率增高,开腹手术比例更高(59.37%vs 19.43%)。手术距发病时间更短[34(28,40)d vs 62(22,64)d]、ICU(11 d vs 54 d)及住院总天数更长(31 d vs 59 d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现,病死危险因素包括急性期器官功能障碍、感染时间、感染期并发症、开腹手术、ICU天数及住院天数。结论急性期器官功能障碍、感染及感染期并发症仍是阶梯式引流模式中IPN患者的主要病死原因,临床治疗中应加以重视。
