融资约束能够带来多大程度产出效率损失,一直是学术界探讨的重要问题。以衡量资源配置效率的经典模型——Hsieh and Klenow的模型为基础,结合龚关等提出的规模报酬改变的约束条件,对Hsieh and Klenow的模型进行了改良,将融资约束引入该...融资约束能够带来多大程度产出效率损失,一直是学术界探讨的重要问题。以衡量资源配置效率的经典模型——Hsieh and Klenow的模型为基础,结合龚关等提出的规模报酬改变的约束条件,对Hsieh and Klenow的模型进行了改良,将融资约束引入该模型来计算产出效率损失。借鉴Hadlock(2010)和Baker(2003)研究融资约束的SA指标和KZ指标,对其比较分析后得到更适合中国的KZ指标。在此基础上,将KZ指标引入Hsieh and Klenow模型,对不同行业内企业按照融资约束程度分组,推导出各行业内部因融资约束导致的全要素生产率差值ρ和总体产出效率损失值。主要有以下结论:(1)发现在规模报酬可变的情况下,我国资源配置效率从2005年出现恶化,配置效率损失呈现"U"型的变化趋势;(2)得出了融资约束产生的各行业内部效率损失情况;(3)计算得出2004—2007年间融资约束给我国工业企业带来了32%~38%的总产出效率损失。展开更多
In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and kn...In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.展开更多
文摘融资约束能够带来多大程度产出效率损失,一直是学术界探讨的重要问题。以衡量资源配置效率的经典模型——Hsieh and Klenow的模型为基础,结合龚关等提出的规模报酬改变的约束条件,对Hsieh and Klenow的模型进行了改良,将融资约束引入该模型来计算产出效率损失。借鉴Hadlock(2010)和Baker(2003)研究融资约束的SA指标和KZ指标,对其比较分析后得到更适合中国的KZ指标。在此基础上,将KZ指标引入Hsieh and Klenow模型,对不同行业内企业按照融资约束程度分组,推导出各行业内部因融资约束导致的全要素生产率差值ρ和总体产出效率损失值。主要有以下结论:(1)发现在规模报酬可变的情况下,我国资源配置效率从2005年出现恶化,配置效率损失呈现"U"型的变化趋势;(2)得出了融资约束产生的各行业内部效率损失情况;(3)计算得出2004—2007年间融资约束给我国工业企业带来了32%~38%的总产出效率损失。
文摘In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.
