为揭示自驾车房车营地空间结构特征和选址规律,采用最邻近点指数,基于GIS的核密度(Kornel Density Estimation, KDE)、Voronoi图构建等方法,系统分析陕西省重点建设营地空间分布范围、空间结构类型、空间热点区域和空间发展模式,进一步...为揭示自驾车房车营地空间结构特征和选址规律,采用最邻近点指数,基于GIS的核密度(Kornel Density Estimation, KDE)、Voronoi图构建等方法,系统分析陕西省重点建设营地空间分布范围、空间结构类型、空间热点区域和空间发展模式,进一步研究营地空间分布规律和特色。结果表明:全省营地最邻近点指数R为0.79<1,说明营地空间分布呈不均衡状态,结构形态为凝聚型;基于GIS的核密度、Voronoi图构建方法,可将全省营地划分成4级密度区、五大板块,其中秦岭南北两坡的西安-柞水-宁陕和朱雀-太白山-紫柏山地区、咸阳彬县-铜川渭北坮塬地区、汉中汉江流域地区、安康巴山地区等是营地聚集和热点区域。依据营地功能、依托要素及服务类型不同,营地主要有"景区依托型营地"、"交通依托型营地"(又称"驿站补给型营地")、"城郊休闲度假型营地"和"项目依托型营地"4类模式,七成以上依托于高禀赋资源景区发展营地,体现了"近景、近路、近城"的特点;依据依托资源及分布环境,以山地型营地、水域型营地、坮塬型营地为主,缺乏乡村型营地、森林型营地。未来营地选址应进一步加大丝绸之路廊道、红色旅游带和渭河沿线等地营地的发建设,形成"一廊五带"空间格局;加大陕北黄土高原建设力度;培育驿站补给型、休闲度假型营地品牌。展开更多
Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in...Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in the success of camps’construction and operation.In terms of relying resources and development factors,camps can be divided into five categories:scenic-spot-based,transportation-based,environment-based,project-based and leisure and vacation-based.According to whether it is of excludability and competitiveness,the camps in China mainly embody the attribute of private products.Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective calculation,the evaluation model of spatial site selection is constructed and the weight of each index is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and entropy coefficient method.The results show that traffic condition factor is the priority to the selection of campsite,and whether it is on the popular main self-driving route and the grade of trunk roads are the dominant indices.The second factor taken into consideration is the social factors,in which government policy supports and land cost play a key role.The third factor is the market,in which the urban economic level,partnership with the government and tourist resource conditionsare of great importance.The fourth factor of the campsite selection includes natural elements,in which the quality of ecological environment and water source conditions are mostly considered.In the future,it is suggested that a camp pattern of"public goods"plus"private goods"should be built and the construction of camps in underdeveloped areas should be highly developed so as to form camp spatial network from individual points to a series of campsite and finally the campsite group in China will be set up.展开更多
Objective The rostral anterior cingulate cortex （rACC） is implicated in processing the emotional component of pain. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors （NMDARs） are highly expressed in the rACC and mediate painrelated ...Objective The rostral anterior cingulate cortex （rACC） is implicated in processing the emotional component of pain. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors （NMDARs） are highly expressed in the rACC and mediate painrelated affect by activating a signaling pathway that involves cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein ki- nase A （PKA） and/or extracellular regulated kinase （ERK）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB）. The present study investigated the contributions of the NMDAR glycine site and GluN2B subunit to the activation of ERK and CREB both in vitro and in vivo in rat rACC. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analy- sis were used to separately assess the expression of phospho-ERK （pERK） and phospho-CREB （pCREB） in vitro and in vivo. Double immunostaining was also used to determine the colocalization of pERK and pCREB. Results Both bath application of NMDA in brain slices in vitro and intraplantar injection of formalin into the rat hindpaw in vivo induced significant up-regulation of pERK and pCREB in the rACC, which was inhibited by the NMDAR antago- nist DL-2-amino-5-phospho-novaleric acid. Selective blockade of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit and the glycine- binding site, or degradation of endogenous D-serine, a co-agonist for the glycine site, significantly decreased the up- regulation of pERK and pCREB expression in the rACC. Further, the activated ERK predominantly colocalized with CREB. Conclusion Either the glycine site or the GluN2B subunit of NMDARs participates in the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB induced by bath application of NMDA in brain slices or hindpaw injection of 5% formalin in rats, and these might be fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying pain affect.展开更多
文摘为揭示自驾车房车营地空间结构特征和选址规律,采用最邻近点指数,基于GIS的核密度(Kornel Density Estimation, KDE)、Voronoi图构建等方法,系统分析陕西省重点建设营地空间分布范围、空间结构类型、空间热点区域和空间发展模式,进一步研究营地空间分布规律和特色。结果表明:全省营地最邻近点指数R为0.79<1,说明营地空间分布呈不均衡状态,结构形态为凝聚型;基于GIS的核密度、Voronoi图构建方法,可将全省营地划分成4级密度区、五大板块,其中秦岭南北两坡的西安-柞水-宁陕和朱雀-太白山-紫柏山地区、咸阳彬县-铜川渭北坮塬地区、汉中汉江流域地区、安康巴山地区等是营地聚集和热点区域。依据营地功能、依托要素及服务类型不同,营地主要有"景区依托型营地"、"交通依托型营地"(又称"驿站补给型营地")、"城郊休闲度假型营地"和"项目依托型营地"4类模式,七成以上依托于高禀赋资源景区发展营地,体现了"近景、近路、近城"的特点;依据依托资源及分布环境,以山地型营地、水域型营地、坮塬型营地为主,缺乏乡村型营地、森林型营地。未来营地选址应进一步加大丝绸之路廊道、红色旅游带和渭河沿线等地营地的发建设,形成"一廊五带"空间格局;加大陕北黄土高原建设力度;培育驿站补给型、休闲度假型营地品牌。
基金sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China(grant number 20&ZD099)with the project name“research on the spatial effects of China’s cross regional major infrastructure”。
文摘Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in the success of camps’construction and operation.In terms of relying resources and development factors,camps can be divided into five categories:scenic-spot-based,transportation-based,environment-based,project-based and leisure and vacation-based.According to whether it is of excludability and competitiveness,the camps in China mainly embody the attribute of private products.Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective calculation,the evaluation model of spatial site selection is constructed and the weight of each index is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and entropy coefficient method.The results show that traffic condition factor is the priority to the selection of campsite,and whether it is on the popular main self-driving route and the grade of trunk roads are the dominant indices.The second factor taken into consideration is the social factors,in which government policy supports and land cost play a key role.The third factor is the market,in which the urban economic level,partnership with the government and tourist resource conditionsare of great importance.The fourth factor of the campsite selection includes natural elements,in which the quality of ecological environment and water source conditions are mostly considered.In the future,it is suggested that a camp pattern of"public goods"plus"private goods"should be built and the construction of camps in underdeveloped areas should be highly developed so as to form camp spatial network from individual points to a series of campsite and finally the campsite group in China will be set up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900444,31070973,30870835,31121061 and 30830044)
文摘Objective The rostral anterior cingulate cortex （rACC） is implicated in processing the emotional component of pain. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors （NMDARs） are highly expressed in the rACC and mediate painrelated affect by activating a signaling pathway that involves cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein ki- nase A （PKA） and/or extracellular regulated kinase （ERK）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB）. The present study investigated the contributions of the NMDAR glycine site and GluN2B subunit to the activation of ERK and CREB both in vitro and in vivo in rat rACC. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analy- sis were used to separately assess the expression of phospho-ERK （pERK） and phospho-CREB （pCREB） in vitro and in vivo. Double immunostaining was also used to determine the colocalization of pERK and pCREB. Results Both bath application of NMDA in brain slices in vitro and intraplantar injection of formalin into the rat hindpaw in vivo induced significant up-regulation of pERK and pCREB in the rACC, which was inhibited by the NMDAR antago- nist DL-2-amino-5-phospho-novaleric acid. Selective blockade of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit and the glycine- binding site, or degradation of endogenous D-serine, a co-agonist for the glycine site, significantly decreased the up- regulation of pERK and pCREB expression in the rACC. Further, the activated ERK predominantly colocalized with CREB. Conclusion Either the glycine site or the GluN2B subunit of NMDARs participates in the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB induced by bath application of NMDA in brain slices or hindpaw injection of 5% formalin in rats, and these might be fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying pain affect.
