Following up the fluid flow simulation in a 60 t tundish, the trajectories of inclusions in the 60 t tundish without flow control are simulated by considering the force balance between the drag force and the inertial ...Following up the fluid flow simulation in a 60 t tundish, the trajectories of inclusions in the 60 t tundish without flow control are simulated by considering the force balance between the drag force and the inertial buoyancy force. The Stochastic model yields more accurate inclusion motion than the non-Stochastic model due to including the effect of the turbulent fluctuation. The average residence time of inclusions decreases with increasing size. The thermal buoyancy favors inclusions removal especially the small inclusions. Using solute transport like the dye injection in water model and copper addition in the real steel tundish cannot accurately study the motion of the inclusions. In the simulation, more than 68% inclusions bigger than 10μm are removed to the top, and less than 32% enters the mold. The thermal buoyancy has little effect on the fraction of inclusions moved to the top of the inlet zone, and it mainly favors the removal of inclusions smaller than 100μm to the top surface of the outlet zone. For inclusions bigger than 100μm, the effect of thermal buoyancy on their motion can be ignored compared to the inertial buoyancy effect.展开更多
为了探究浮升力效应对超临界水传热性能的影响,本文建立了一个预测垂直上升光管内超临界水传热的3-D数值模型。利用该数值模型预测了系统压力为25 MPa,质量流速为600~800 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),内壁热负荷为400~500 k W·m^(...为了探究浮升力效应对超临界水传热性能的影响,本文建立了一个预测垂直上升光管内超临界水传热的3-D数值模型。利用该数值模型预测了系统压力为25 MPa,质量流速为600~800 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),内壁热负荷为400~500 k W·m^(-2)条件下超临界水的传热。分析了热负荷和质量流速对浮升力效应的影响,同时分析了浮升力效应对传热性能的影响规律。结果表明,当质量流速为800 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,浮升力效应导致了局部传热恶化,传热恶化发生后,传热系数迅速回升;而质量流速为600kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,浮升力效应对传热性能的影响与热负荷有关。当质量流速为600 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),热负荷为400 k W·m^(-2)时,超临界水传热表现为传热强化;当质量流速为600 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),热负荷为500 k W·m^(-2)时,浮升力效应导致了局部传热恶化,传热恶化发生后,传热系数没有回升。展开更多
Three-dimensional,viscous,and unsteady CFD simulations have been performed in order to reveal the influencing factors of hot streaks migration in high pressure stage of a vaneless counter-rotating turbine. Based on th...Three-dimensional,viscous,and unsteady CFD simulations have been performed in order to reveal the influencing factors of hot streaks migration in high pressure stage of a vaneless counter-rotating turbine. Based on the numerical results,the comparison between the case with inlet hot streaks and case without inlet hot streaks is carried out,which shows that the effect of inlet hot streaks on the load distributions of high pressure turbine airfoils is not notable and the airfoil load distributions are directly related to the inlet pressure distributions. The predicted results also indicate that the circumferential and radial movements of the hot streaks were not observed in the high pressure turbine stator. This means that the combined effects of secondary flow and buoyancy are very weak in the high pres-sure turbine stator. The numerical results also prove that the circumferential flow angle effect at the inlet of the high pressure turbine rotor,secondary flow effect and buoyancy effect are the mainly influencing factors to directly affect the migration characteristics of the hot streaks in the high pressure turbine rotor.展开更多
Groundwater plays an essential role in stabilizing underground structures.However,hydrostatic uplift forces from groundwater can create safety hazards.This paper obtained the groundwater buoyancy reduction coefficient...Groundwater plays an essential role in stabilizing underground structures.However,hydrostatic uplift forces from groundwater can create safety hazards.This paper obtained the groundwater buoyancy reduction coefficients of 36 types of clays through model tests and conducted a finite element simulation to obtain the buoyancy reduction coefficients of additional clays with varying soil properties.Machine learning methods,including extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest(RF)algorithms,were used to analyze and identify the soil parameters that have a significant impact on the reduction of groundwater buoyancy.It was found that the permeability coefficient and saturation are the primary factors that influence the reduction of groundwater buoyancy.Additionally,the prediction models developed by XGBoost and RF were compared,and their accuracy was evaluated.These research findings can serve as a reference for designing underground structures that can withstand the potential risk of buoyancy in clay.展开更多
文摘Following up the fluid flow simulation in a 60 t tundish, the trajectories of inclusions in the 60 t tundish without flow control are simulated by considering the force balance between the drag force and the inertial buoyancy force. The Stochastic model yields more accurate inclusion motion than the non-Stochastic model due to including the effect of the turbulent fluctuation. The average residence time of inclusions decreases with increasing size. The thermal buoyancy favors inclusions removal especially the small inclusions. Using solute transport like the dye injection in water model and copper addition in the real steel tundish cannot accurately study the motion of the inclusions. In the simulation, more than 68% inclusions bigger than 10μm are removed to the top, and less than 32% enters the mold. The thermal buoyancy has little effect on the fraction of inclusions moved to the top of the inlet zone, and it mainly favors the removal of inclusions smaller than 100μm to the top surface of the outlet zone. For inclusions bigger than 100μm, the effect of thermal buoyancy on their motion can be ignored compared to the inertial buoyancy effect.
文摘为了探究浮升力效应对超临界水传热性能的影响,本文建立了一个预测垂直上升光管内超临界水传热的3-D数值模型。利用该数值模型预测了系统压力为25 MPa,质量流速为600~800 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),内壁热负荷为400~500 k W·m^(-2)条件下超临界水的传热。分析了热负荷和质量流速对浮升力效应的影响,同时分析了浮升力效应对传热性能的影响规律。结果表明,当质量流速为800 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,浮升力效应导致了局部传热恶化,传热恶化发生后,传热系数迅速回升;而质量流速为600kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,浮升力效应对传热性能的影响与热负荷有关。当质量流速为600 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),热负荷为400 k W·m^(-2)时,超临界水传热表现为传热强化;当质量流速为600 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),热负荷为500 k W·m^(-2)时,浮升力效应导致了局部传热恶化,传热恶化发生后,传热系数没有回升。
文摘Three-dimensional,viscous,and unsteady CFD simulations have been performed in order to reveal the influencing factors of hot streaks migration in high pressure stage of a vaneless counter-rotating turbine. Based on the numerical results,the comparison between the case with inlet hot streaks and case without inlet hot streaks is carried out,which shows that the effect of inlet hot streaks on the load distributions of high pressure turbine airfoils is not notable and the airfoil load distributions are directly related to the inlet pressure distributions. The predicted results also indicate that the circumferential and radial movements of the hot streaks were not observed in the high pressure turbine stator. This means that the combined effects of secondary flow and buoyancy are very weak in the high pres-sure turbine stator. The numerical results also prove that the circumferential flow angle effect at the inlet of the high pressure turbine rotor,secondary flow effect and buoyancy effect are the mainly influencing factors to directly affect the migration characteristics of the hot streaks in the high pressure turbine rotor.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support from the National Major Scientific Instruments Development Project of China(Grant No.5202780029)Chongqing Urban Investment Infrastructure Construction Co,China(Grant No.CQCT-JS-SC-GC-2022-0081).
文摘Groundwater plays an essential role in stabilizing underground structures.However,hydrostatic uplift forces from groundwater can create safety hazards.This paper obtained the groundwater buoyancy reduction coefficients of 36 types of clays through model tests and conducted a finite element simulation to obtain the buoyancy reduction coefficients of additional clays with varying soil properties.Machine learning methods,including extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest(RF)algorithms,were used to analyze and identify the soil parameters that have a significant impact on the reduction of groundwater buoyancy.It was found that the permeability coefficient and saturation are the primary factors that influence the reduction of groundwater buoyancy.Additionally,the prediction models developed by XGBoost and RF were compared,and their accuracy was evaluated.These research findings can serve as a reference for designing underground structures that can withstand the potential risk of buoyancy in clay.
