Nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) would effectively improve building energy efficiency and promote building electrification. By using a carbon emission model integrated into a bottom-up mid-to-long term energy consu...Nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) would effectively improve building energy efficiency and promote building electrification. By using a carbon emission model integrated into a bottom-up mid-to-long term energy consumption model, this study analyzes the contribution of NZEB standards to carbon emission targets in the urban area of China by 2060. Three scenarios are set, namely BAU, steady development (S1), and high-speed development (S2). For BAU, the total carbon emissions will reach a peak of 1.94 Gt CO_(2) by 2040. In S1 scenario, total building carbon emissions will reach the peak of 1.72 Gt CO_(2) by 2030. In S2 scenario, the carbon emissions will reach a peak by 2025 with 1.64 Gt CO_(2). Under S1 scenario, which features consistency with NZEB market development and periodic improvement of building energy-efficiency standards, the carbon emission peak in 2030 will be accomplished. To achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the upgrading of building energy standards to NZEB will contribute 50.1%, while zero-carbon electricity contribution is 49.9%. It is concluded that 2025, 2030, and 2035 could be set as mandatory enforcement years for ultra-low energy buildings, NZEB and zero energy building (ZEB), respectively.展开更多
本文对上海及南京的多栋办公建筑多联机空调系统进行了能耗调研及分析。调研数据表明,多联机全年能耗强度中位数约为35.9 k W·h/(m^2·a)。对于绝大多数的办公建筑,其加班能耗为总能耗的20%以上。此外其单位面积年度能耗强度...本文对上海及南京的多栋办公建筑多联机空调系统进行了能耗调研及分析。调研数据表明,多联机全年能耗强度中位数约为35.9 k W·h/(m^2·a)。对于绝大多数的办公建筑,其加班能耗为总能耗的20%以上。此外其单位面积年度能耗强度不随着建筑体量的增大而增加。月度能耗强度制冷、制热期均近似符合正态分布,但非参数概率密度函数能更好的描述月度能耗强度分布,其对应累积概率函数能够描述高能耗强度数值的发生概率。经计算可知,供暖期月度能耗强度高于5.5 k W·h/m^2的发生概率为5.8%,而供冷期月度能耗强度高于8.5 k W·h/m^2的发生概率仅为2%。展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China“Research on Optimal Configuration and Demand Response of Energy Storage Technology in Nearly-zero Energy Community(2019YFE0193100)”.
文摘Nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) would effectively improve building energy efficiency and promote building electrification. By using a carbon emission model integrated into a bottom-up mid-to-long term energy consumption model, this study analyzes the contribution of NZEB standards to carbon emission targets in the urban area of China by 2060. Three scenarios are set, namely BAU, steady development (S1), and high-speed development (S2). For BAU, the total carbon emissions will reach a peak of 1.94 Gt CO_(2) by 2040. In S1 scenario, total building carbon emissions will reach the peak of 1.72 Gt CO_(2) by 2030. In S2 scenario, the carbon emissions will reach a peak by 2025 with 1.64 Gt CO_(2). Under S1 scenario, which features consistency with NZEB market development and periodic improvement of building energy-efficiency standards, the carbon emission peak in 2030 will be accomplished. To achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the upgrading of building energy standards to NZEB will contribute 50.1%, while zero-carbon electricity contribution is 49.9%. It is concluded that 2025, 2030, and 2035 could be set as mandatory enforcement years for ultra-low energy buildings, NZEB and zero energy building (ZEB), respectively.
文摘本文对上海及南京的多栋办公建筑多联机空调系统进行了能耗调研及分析。调研数据表明,多联机全年能耗强度中位数约为35.9 k W·h/(m^2·a)。对于绝大多数的办公建筑,其加班能耗为总能耗的20%以上。此外其单位面积年度能耗强度不随着建筑体量的增大而增加。月度能耗强度制冷、制热期均近似符合正态分布,但非参数概率密度函数能更好的描述月度能耗强度分布,其对应累积概率函数能够描述高能耗强度数值的发生概率。经计算可知,供暖期月度能耗强度高于5.5 k W·h/m^2的发生概率为5.8%,而供冷期月度能耗强度高于8.5 k W·h/m^2的发生概率仅为2%。
