Magnetic sensors based on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)effect exhibit high sensitivity,small size,and low power consumption.They have gained a lot of attention and have potential applications in various domains.Thi...Magnetic sensors based on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)effect exhibit high sensitivity,small size,and low power consumption.They have gained a lot of attention and have potential applications in various domains.This study first introduces the development history and basic principles of TMR sensors.Then,a comprehensive description of TMR sensors linearization and Wheatstone bridge configuration is presented.Two key performance parameters,the field sensitivity and noise mechanisms,are considered.Finally,the emerging applications of TMR sensors are discussed.展开更多
Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with three different structural systems,including rigid system(RS),floating system(FS),and passive energy dissipation system(PEDS),is conducted to study t...Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with three different structural systems,including rigid system(RS),floating system(FS),and passive energy dissipation system(PEDS),is conducted to study the effects of connection configurations on seismic responses and fragilities.Finite element models of bridges are established using OpenSees.A new ground motion screening method based on the statistical characteristic of the predominant period is proposed to avoid irregular behavior in the selection process of ground motions,and incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is performed to develop components and systems fragility curves.The effects of damper failure on calculated results for PEDS are examined in terms of seismic response and fragility analysis.The results show that the bridge tower is the most affected component by different structural systems.For RS,the fragility of the middle tower is significantly higher than other components,and the bridge failure starts from the middle tower,exhibiting a characteristic of local failure.For FS and PEDS,the fragility of the edge tower is higher than the middle tower.The system fragility of RS is higher than FS and PEDS.Taking the failure of dampers into account is necessary to obtain reliable seismic capacity of cable-stayed bridges.展开更多
Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges.Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges...Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges.Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m,we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base frequencies.Finite element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were constructed.The structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted tendencies.To analyze the aerodynamic instability,streamlined single-box section(SBS),lattice truss section(LTS),narrow slotted section(NSS),and wide slotted section(WSS)were considered.We performed three-dimensional(3-D)full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability analysis.The flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth,showing an unlimited approaching phenomenon.Regarding aerostatic instability,the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m,and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 m.Minimum aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed,indicating the probability of aerostatic instability.This study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter,and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.展开更多
基金financially supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z201100004220002)the International Collaboration Project B16001+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province of China(No.2020S020201-01621)the Magnetic Sensor Innovation Platform from Laoshan District。
文摘Magnetic sensors based on tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)effect exhibit high sensitivity,small size,and low power consumption.They have gained a lot of attention and have potential applications in various domains.This study first introduces the development history and basic principles of TMR sensors.Then,a comprehensive description of TMR sensors linearization and Wheatstone bridge configuration is presented.Two key performance parameters,the field sensitivity and noise mechanisms,are considered.Finally,the emerging applications of TMR sensors are discussed.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFC3003603。
文摘Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with three different structural systems,including rigid system(RS),floating system(FS),and passive energy dissipation system(PEDS),is conducted to study the effects of connection configurations on seismic responses and fragilities.Finite element models of bridges are established using OpenSees.A new ground motion screening method based on the statistical characteristic of the predominant period is proposed to avoid irregular behavior in the selection process of ground motions,and incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is performed to develop components and systems fragility curves.The effects of damper failure on calculated results for PEDS are examined in terms of seismic response and fragility analysis.The results show that the bridge tower is the most affected component by different structural systems.For RS,the fragility of the middle tower is significantly higher than other components,and the bridge failure starts from the middle tower,exhibiting a characteristic of local failure.For FS and PEDS,the fragility of the edge tower is higher than the middle tower.The system fragility of RS is higher than FS and PEDS.Taking the failure of dampers into account is necessary to obtain reliable seismic capacity of cable-stayed bridges.
基金support of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3004105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078383,52008314,52108469).
文摘Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges.Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m,we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base frequencies.Finite element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were constructed.The structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted tendencies.To analyze the aerodynamic instability,streamlined single-box section(SBS),lattice truss section(LTS),narrow slotted section(NSS),and wide slotted section(WSS)were considered.We performed three-dimensional(3-D)full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability analysis.The flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth,showing an unlimited approaching phenomenon.Regarding aerostatic instability,the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m,and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 m.Minimum aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed,indicating the probability of aerostatic instability.This study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter,and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.
