Nanoparticles and proteins are similar in a number of aspects, and using nanoparticles to mimic the catalytic function of enzymes is an interesting yet challenging task. Impressive developments have been made over the...Nanoparticles and proteins are similar in a number of aspects, and using nanoparticles to mimic the catalytic function of enzymes is an interesting yet challenging task. Impressive developments have been made over the past two decades on this front. The term nanozyme was coined to refer to nanoparticle- based enzyme mimics. To date, many different types of nanozymes have been reported to catalyze a broad range of reactions for chemical, analytical, and biomedical applications. Since chemical reactions happen mainly on the surface of nanozymes, an interesting aspect for investigation is surface modification. In this review, we summarize three types of nanozyme materials catalyzing various reactions with a focus on their surface chemistry. For metal oxides, cerium oxide and iron oxide are discussed as they are the most extensively studied. Then, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide are reviewed to represent metallic and carbon nanomaterials, respectively. Types of modifications include ions, small molecules, and polymers mainly by physisorption, while in a few cases, covalent modifications were also employed. The functional aspect of such modification is to improve catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and stability. Future perspectives of this field are speculated at the end of this review.展开更多
Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, d...Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.展开更多
文摘Nanoparticles and proteins are similar in a number of aspects, and using nanoparticles to mimic the catalytic function of enzymes is an interesting yet challenging task. Impressive developments have been made over the past two decades on this front. The term nanozyme was coined to refer to nanoparticle- based enzyme mimics. To date, many different types of nanozymes have been reported to catalyze a broad range of reactions for chemical, analytical, and biomedical applications. Since chemical reactions happen mainly on the surface of nanozymes, an interesting aspect for investigation is surface modification. In this review, we summarize three types of nanozyme materials catalyzing various reactions with a focus on their surface chemistry. For metal oxides, cerium oxide and iron oxide are discussed as they are the most extensively studied. Then, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide are reviewed to represent metallic and carbon nanomaterials, respectively. Types of modifications include ions, small molecules, and polymers mainly by physisorption, while in a few cases, covalent modifications were also employed. The functional aspect of such modification is to improve catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and stability. Future perspectives of this field are speculated at the end of this review.
基金supported by National Institutes of Heath NIMHD Grant # G12MD007581 through the RCMI Center for Environmental HealthNational Science Foundation Grant # HRD-1547754 through the CREST Center for Nanotoxicity Studies at Jackson State University
文摘Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.
