The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21 st century....The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21 st century. Considering the economic significance of this insect and its rapid worldwide spread, we examined the possible factors driving its invasions. In this paper, we summarize the life history traits of P. solenopsis conceivably related to population development in invaded regions; these traits include its use of diverse host plants, reproductive capacity and mode, adaptation to temperature, response to food shortage, and insecticidal resistance. Then, focusing on the multiple trophic interactions that may promote or hinder invasion, we review the mutualistic relationship of this mealybug with ants and predation and parasitism by natural enemies. Finally, we suggest topics for future research and provide our perspective on the biological invasions of this mealybug. We speculate that specific biological factors associated with this mealybug, particularly its wide host range, high reproductive potential, evolved changes in life history traits, and mutualism with ants have played important roles in its invasions, allowing this pest to become established and rapidly increase its population upon its introduction into new regions.展开更多
Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how k...Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how key traits evolved in different human populations over time,connecting ancient population history with disease susceptibility in western Eurasians.To fill this gap in eastern Eurasians and provide deep insights into the evolutionary history of the populationspecific genetic basis of complex biological traits,we explored the evolutionary basis of adaptive traits in one integrative modern and ancient genomic database,including 225 out of 5583 genomes first reported here.We comprehensively characterized the demographic history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese individuals on the Mongolian Plateau based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved fragments.We found strong genetic homogeneity among geographically different Han populations from Inner Mongolia(IMH).We reconstructed their admixture models and demographic events,revealing that IMH had a close genetic relationship with ancient millet farmers and obtained additional gene flow from Altaic-speaking populations.The enrichment of selected candidate genes suggested that essential metabolism-related genes promoted the rapid adaptation of eastern Eurasians to ancient environmental shifts and dietary changes during agricultural innovations.Evolutionary trajectory reconstruction of metabolism-related genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)and fatty acid desaturase 1(FADS1)suggested that ancient dietary shifts during the Neolithic transition period promoted the differentiated metabolic rate of folate and fatty acid.We revealed the polygenicity of biological adaptation traits and the pleiotropy of adaptive genes,indicating that complex recent polygenic adaptations,genetic interactions,and genotype–phenotype correlations have contributed to the genetic architecture of complex traits in eastern Eurasians.展开更多
Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period...Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1200600)
文摘The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21 st century. Considering the economic significance of this insect and its rapid worldwide spread, we examined the possible factors driving its invasions. In this paper, we summarize the life history traits of P. solenopsis conceivably related to population development in invaded regions; these traits include its use of diverse host plants, reproductive capacity and mode, adaptation to temperature, response to food shortage, and insecticidal resistance. Then, focusing on the multiple trophic interactions that may promote or hinder invasion, we review the mutualistic relationship of this mealybug with ants and predation and parasitism by natural enemies. Finally, we suggest topics for future research and provide our perspective on the biological invasions of this mealybug. We speculate that specific biological factors associated with this mealybug, particularly its wide host range, high reproductive potential, evolved changes in life history traits, and mutualism with ants have played important roles in its invasions, allowing this pest to become established and rapidly increase its population upon its introduction into new regions.
基金We thank all the volunteers who participated in this project and the researchers who provided help and support for this project(Prof.Etienne Patin and Prof.Lluis Quintana-Murci from the Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit of the Institute PasteurProf.Mark Stoneking and Prof.Dang Liu from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology+5 种基金and Prof.Wibhu Kutanan from Khon Kaen University).We are indebted to Grammarly(https://app.grammarly.com/)for its invaluable contribution to the linguistic refinement and readability enhancement of this manuscript.M.W.is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)G.H.is supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD203)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program.L.H.is supported by the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(KF202309).
文摘Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how key traits evolved in different human populations over time,connecting ancient population history with disease susceptibility in western Eurasians.To fill this gap in eastern Eurasians and provide deep insights into the evolutionary history of the populationspecific genetic basis of complex biological traits,we explored the evolutionary basis of adaptive traits in one integrative modern and ancient genomic database,including 225 out of 5583 genomes first reported here.We comprehensively characterized the demographic history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese individuals on the Mongolian Plateau based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved fragments.We found strong genetic homogeneity among geographically different Han populations from Inner Mongolia(IMH).We reconstructed their admixture models and demographic events,revealing that IMH had a close genetic relationship with ancient millet farmers and obtained additional gene flow from Altaic-speaking populations.The enrichment of selected candidate genes suggested that essential metabolism-related genes promoted the rapid adaptation of eastern Eurasians to ancient environmental shifts and dietary changes during agricultural innovations.Evolutionary trajectory reconstruction of metabolism-related genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)and fatty acid desaturase 1(FADS1)suggested that ancient dietary shifts during the Neolithic transition period promoted the differentiated metabolic rate of folate and fatty acid.We revealed the polygenicity of biological adaptation traits and the pleiotropy of adaptive genes,indicating that complex recent polygenic adaptations,genetic interactions,and genotype–phenotype correlations have contributed to the genetic architecture of complex traits in eastern Eurasians.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01).
文摘Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.
