Colletotrichum is one of the most important plant pathogenic genera that is responsible for numerous diseases which can have a profound impact on the agricultural sector.Species delineation is difficult due to a lack ...Colletotrichum is one of the most important plant pathogenic genera that is responsible for numerous diseases which can have a profound impact on the agricultural sector.Species delineation is difficult due to a lack of distinctive phenotypic vari-ation.Therefore,in this study three different genomic approaches based on phylogenetic,evolutionary and coalescent-based methods are applied to establish robust species boundaries.The reliability of five different DNA barcodes was also assessed to provide further insights into species delineation.The ITS region can resolve the placement of taxa up to the species complex level.The GAPDH and TUB2 markers are determined to be the most informative for most complexes.However,no single marker could discriminate between species in all complexes,therefore different molecular approaches based on multi-locus datasets are recommended.This is the first study to provide an estimated divergence time for all species complexes in Colle-totrichum.The estimated divergence time for species complexes ranged between 4.8 to 32.2 MYA.Based on the high level of congruent results obtained from the different molecular approaches,a new species complex,the Colletotrichum agaves complex is introduced.This complex consists of five taxa which are characterised by the presence of straight or slightly curved conidia with obtuse apices.This study shows that coalescent approaches and multi-locus phylogeny are crucial to establish species boundaries in Colletotrichum.The taxonomic placement of three singleton taxa Colletotrichum axonopodi,C.cariniferi and C.parallelophorum is revised.We accept 248 species and provide recommendations regarding species boundaries in the graminicola-caudatum complex.展开更多
The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibratio...The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data,the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible.We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes.We chose Dothideomycetes,the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota,which contains 32 orders,to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales,the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families,to establish family divergence times.We have assembled a multi-gene data set(LSU,SSU,TEF1 and RPB2)from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages.Two separated datasets were analysed:(i)272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis,and(ii)191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis.Our results indicate that divergence times(crown age)for most orders(20 out of 32,or 63%)are between 100 and 220 Mya,while divergence times for most families(39 out of 55,or 71%)are between 20 and 100 Mya.We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa,such as families,orders and classes.Taking advantage of this added approach,we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi.In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders,namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is tr展开更多
在云计算、大数据和人工智能等前沿技术的推动下,数据中心机房正面临着规模扩张与功能升级的双重挑战,以满足不断攀升的数据存储需求和日益复杂的业务处理需求。确保机房内部系统和设备的持续稳定运行,已成为亟待解决的关键问题,对于提...在云计算、大数据和人工智能等前沿技术的推动下,数据中心机房正面临着规模扩张与功能升级的双重挑战,以满足不断攀升的数据存储需求和日益复杂的业务处理需求。确保机房内部系统和设备的持续稳定运行,已成为亟待解决的关键问题,对于提升数据中心的运行效率和降低运营风险具有显著的研究意义和经济价值。本研究针对上述挑战,提出了一种基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)的创新监控系统框架。该框架利用SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)协议进行数据传输,采用CSS(Control Studio System)构建直观的人机交互界面,并选用Archiver Appliance作为历史数据库解决方案,同时引入CSS-BEAST以强化报警系统的功能。本框架不仅在稳定性和可靠性方面表现出色,而且具有良好的扩展性,能够适应不同类型和规模的机房环境,为数据中心的高效运营提供了坚实的技术支持。展开更多
This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac...This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.展开更多
合肥光源报警系统用于实时监测设备故障并发布报警信息,是合肥光源控制系统的重要组成部分。该系统以美国橡树岭国家实验室开发的报警软件BEAST(Beast Ever Alarm System Toolkit)为基础进行二次开发,借助BEAST中Alarm Server组件监测IO...合肥光源报警系统用于实时监测设备故障并发布报警信息,是合肥光源控制系统的重要组成部分。该系统以美国橡树岭国家实验室开发的报警软件BEAST(Beast Ever Alarm System Toolkit)为基础进行二次开发,借助BEAST中Alarm Server组件监测IOC(Input/Output Controller)中记录的报警状态;采用JSP(Java Server Page)技术开发了报警信息查询网页,可通过浏览器实时查询报警信息;同时使用Java多线程技术开发了基于短信和电子邮件的报警信息发送程序,以短信和电子邮件两种方式将紧急报警信息及时发送给相关技术人员。目前,报警系统已经在合肥光源中投入运行,系统性能稳定,表现良好,可帮助相关技术人员快速有效地处理报警信息。展开更多
The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first ...The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first known version of Beauty and the Beast—"Cupid and Psyche"in Apuleius’s The Golden Ass from the second century.In this story,Psyche is the beautiful daughter whereas her bridegroom Cupid is the"beast"in rumours.Another version in discussion is the best known version to Angelo-American audiences,published in Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont’s book for young women,Le Magasin des enfants in 1756.And the last is Angela Carter’s modern version in 1993.This discussion focuses on the ways in which those writers use"the beast"fantasy to comment on female psychology,status and agency in their own societies.展开更多
基金the Thailand Research Fund,grant RDG6130001 entitled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”the support from University of Mauritius and the Mauritius Research and Innovative Council(MRC/RUN/1705)RS Jayawardena thanks the National Research Council of Thailand,grant for new researcher NRCT5-TRG630010-01,entitled“Biodiversity,taxonomy,phylogeny and evolution of Colletotrichum in northern Thailand”.
文摘Colletotrichum is one of the most important plant pathogenic genera that is responsible for numerous diseases which can have a profound impact on the agricultural sector.Species delineation is difficult due to a lack of distinctive phenotypic vari-ation.Therefore,in this study three different genomic approaches based on phylogenetic,evolutionary and coalescent-based methods are applied to establish robust species boundaries.The reliability of five different DNA barcodes was also assessed to provide further insights into species delineation.The ITS region can resolve the placement of taxa up to the species complex level.The GAPDH and TUB2 markers are determined to be the most informative for most complexes.However,no single marker could discriminate between species in all complexes,therefore different molecular approaches based on multi-locus datasets are recommended.This is the first study to provide an estimated divergence time for all species complexes in Colle-totrichum.The estimated divergence time for species complexes ranged between 4.8 to 32.2 MYA.Based on the high level of congruent results obtained from the different molecular approaches,a new species complex,the Colletotrichum agaves complex is introduced.This complex consists of five taxa which are characterised by the presence of straight or slightly curved conidia with obtuse apices.This study shows that coalescent approaches and multi-locus phylogeny are crucial to establish species boundaries in Colletotrichum.The taxonomic placement of three singleton taxa Colletotrichum axonopodi,C.cariniferi and C.parallelophorum is revised.We accept 248 species and provide recommendations regarding species boundaries in the graminicola-caudatum complex.
基金This work was funded by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31210103919,31600032,31360015)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(LH[2015]7061)+6 种基金the Research of Featured Microbial Resources and Diversity Investigation in Southwest Karst area(Project No.2014FY120100.)Jian-Kui Liu thanks Dr.Bang Feng(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,China)his valuable help with phylogenetic analysis.Dr.Rui-Lin Zhao and Dr.H.A.Ariyawansa are thanked for their valuable suggestions.Dr.Hong Luo is thanked for commenting the manuscript.K.D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.K.D.Hyde also extends his appreciation to the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant(RSA5980068)National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for Grants(60201000201592010200112)Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013).
文摘The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data,the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible.We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes.We chose Dothideomycetes,the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota,which contains 32 orders,to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales,the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families,to establish family divergence times.We have assembled a multi-gene data set(LSU,SSU,TEF1 and RPB2)from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages.Two separated datasets were analysed:(i)272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis,and(ii)191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis.Our results indicate that divergence times(crown age)for most orders(20 out of 32,or 63%)are between 100 and 220 Mya,while divergence times for most families(39 out of 55,or 71%)are between 20 and 100 Mya.We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa,such as families,orders and classes.Taking advantage of this added approach,we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi.In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders,namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is tr
文摘在云计算、大数据和人工智能等前沿技术的推动下,数据中心机房正面临着规模扩张与功能升级的双重挑战,以满足不断攀升的数据存储需求和日益复杂的业务处理需求。确保机房内部系统和设备的持续稳定运行,已成为亟待解决的关键问题,对于提升数据中心的运行效率和降低运营风险具有显著的研究意义和经济价值。本研究针对上述挑战,提出了一种基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)的创新监控系统框架。该框架利用SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)协议进行数据传输,采用CSS(Control Studio System)构建直观的人机交互界面,并选用Archiver Appliance作为历史数据库解决方案,同时引入CSS-BEAST以强化报警系统的功能。本框架不仅在稳定性和可靠性方面表现出色,而且具有良好的扩展性,能够适应不同类型和规模的机房环境,为数据中心的高效运营提供了坚实的技术支持。
文摘This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.
文摘合肥光源报警系统用于实时监测设备故障并发布报警信息,是合肥光源控制系统的重要组成部分。该系统以美国橡树岭国家实验室开发的报警软件BEAST(Beast Ever Alarm System Toolkit)为基础进行二次开发,借助BEAST中Alarm Server组件监测IOC(Input/Output Controller)中记录的报警状态;采用JSP(Java Server Page)技术开发了报警信息查询网页,可通过浏览器实时查询报警信息;同时使用Java多线程技术开发了基于短信和电子邮件的报警信息发送程序,以短信和电子邮件两种方式将紧急报警信息及时发送给相关技术人员。目前,报警系统已经在合肥光源中投入运行,系统性能稳定,表现良好,可帮助相关技术人员快速有效地处理报警信息。
文摘The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first known version of Beauty and the Beast—"Cupid and Psyche"in Apuleius’s The Golden Ass from the second century.In this story,Psyche is the beautiful daughter whereas her bridegroom Cupid is the"beast"in rumours.Another version in discussion is the best known version to Angelo-American audiences,published in Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont’s book for young women,Le Magasin des enfants in 1756.And the last is Angela Carter’s modern version in 1993.This discussion focuses on the ways in which those writers use"the beast"fantasy to comment on female psychology,status and agency in their own societies.
