Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activit...Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Four field trials were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tolerance of four commonly grown dry bean market classes (adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean) to PRE applications of sulfentrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>. Crop injury, plant height, plant density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yield were examined. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. Plant density, height and yield were not reduced for kidney or small red Mexican bean. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>) reduced white bean plant density, height and yield by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectively;and reduced adzuki bean plant density, height and yield by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectively. Overall, kidney and small red Mexican bean were the most tolerant to sulfentrazone, followed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sulfentrazone applied PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and small red Mexican bean crops.展开更多
Eight field trials were conducted from 2006 to 2008 at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the co-application of postemergence herbicides with cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate insecticides in cranberry and white ...Eight field trials were conducted from 2006 to 2008 at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the co-application of postemergence herbicides with cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate insecticides in cranberry and white bean. At 2 weeks after treatment, the addition of cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate insecticides to sethoxydim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen and bentazon plus fomesafen did not increase injury at the Exeter and Ridgetown locations except for bentazon plus dimethoate which caused greater injury than bentazon alone (2.9% vs 0.2%) in 2006. However at Harrow, the addition of dimethoate to quizalofop-p-ethyl increased injury (0% vs 4.9%) in 2007 and the addition cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate to sethoxydim increased injury in 2008 in dry bean. The addition of cyhalothrin-lambda to quizalofop-p-ethyl also increased injury (0% vs 4.5%) in 2008. There was no adverse effect on dry bean injury with other treatments at Harrow in 2007 or 2008. The addition of cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate to the herbicides evaluated did not have any adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight or yield of dry bean except for bentazon plus dimethoate which decreased shoot dry weight 20% compared to bentazon alone at Harrow in 2008. Based on these results, cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate can be tank-mixed with sethoxydim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen and bentazon plus fomesafen when the optimum application timing of these herbicides and insecticides coincide.展开更多
The effect of biostimulants such as Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions is not known. A total of 12 field experiments (6 in cranberry bean “Etna” and 6 in white bean “O...The effect of biostimulants such as Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions is not known. A total of 12 field experiments (6 in cranberry bean “Etna” and 6 in white bean “OAC REX”) were conducted at two locations (Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada) to evaluate the effect of Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on visible injury, shoot dry weight, height and yield of cranberry and white bean. Visible injury ranged from 0% to 7.3% in white bean and 0% to 9.4% in cranberry bean with quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon alone or in combination with Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster. The addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to herbicides evaluated had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content and yield of white or cranberry bean except with the addition of RR SoyBooster to quizalofop-p-ethyl which increased height 3.7% and the addition of the Crop Booster to bentazon which decreased shoot dry weight 12% and the addition of Crop Booster to bentazon plus fomesafen which increased shoot dry weight 17% in white bean. Based on these results, there were minimal effects from the addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to commonly used herbicides in white and cranberry bean.展开更多
Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterran...Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterranean coast and the Isles; from Egypt and Arabian Coast （the Arabia Felix） to Abyssinia; through Mesopotamia to India and China probably during the first millennium AD （only land races of major type, the latest in being produced, were known in China until recently）. Faba bean （Vicia faba L.） is grown world-wide as a protein source for food and feed. The importance of nutzients （micro and macro） for human growth is universally recognized. An investigation was camed out to select the most successful faba bean genotypes to estimate for seed yield and some of agro-morphological traits. Effective interpretation of the dataon breeding programes is important at all stages of plant improvment. The GT （genotype by trait） was used for two-way faba bean genotypes with multiple traits. For this purpose, six faba bean genotypes with specific components were tested and the GT biplot for genotype data explained 83% of total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of GT presented for five traits of faba bean genotypes showed three vertex genotypes as Goryaka, Karcacaoglan and Seher. Genotype G0ryaka had the highest values for most of the traits. It was demonstzaited that the selection of high seed yield will be via hundred seed weight and planth height. These traits should be considered meanwhile as effective selection criteria developing high yielding faba bean genotypes because of their large contibution to grain yield. The genotypes Goryaka and Karacaoglan could be well-considered for improving of desirable candidate in selection of improvement studies.展开更多
Six field studies were completed in Ontario (during 2016 to 2018) to assess the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red and navy bean to 2,4-D ester at 528 or 1056 g·ai·ha-1 applied 14, 7 and 1 da...Six field studies were completed in Ontario (during 2016 to 2018) to assess the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red and navy bean to 2,4-D ester at 528 or 1056 g·ai·ha-1 applied 14, 7 and 1 day before seeding (PP) and 3 days after seeding (PRE). 2,4-D applied PP or PRE caused as much as 4%, 6%, 7% and 8% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red and navy (white) bean, respectively. There was an increase in bean injury as the preplant interval decreased. At 1 WAE, 2,4-D applied at 1056 g·ai·ha-1 14, 7 and 1 day PP and 3 days after seeding caused up to 6%, 10%, 18% and 5% visible bean injury, respectively. The level of injury decreased over time with minimal bean injury (0 to 3%) at 8 WAE. Bean stand counts were similar to the non-treated control with 2,4-D applied at various timings except at 1 day PP when 2,4-D at the 2X rate decreased bean stand 13%. There was up to 23% and 43% decrease in bean dry weight with 2,4-D applied PP at 528 and 1056 g·ai·ha-1 7 and 1 day PP, respectively. Bean height (6 WAE) was not affected by 2,4-D applied at various timings except at 1 day PP when 2,4-D (1056 g·ai·ha-1) decreased bean height 10%. Additionally, there was no effect of 2,4-D treatments on bean maturity or yield. Based on these results, the safest times to apply 2,4-D are 14 days before seeding or PRE. Injury was higher when 2,4-D was applied 7 and 1 day PP. Injury was lower in adzuki bean compared to kidney, small red or navy bean.展开更多
文摘Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Four field trials were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tolerance of four commonly grown dry bean market classes (adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean) to PRE applications of sulfentrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>. Crop injury, plant height, plant density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yield were examined. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. Plant density, height and yield were not reduced for kidney or small red Mexican bean. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha<sup>-1</sup>) reduced white bean plant density, height and yield by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectively;and reduced adzuki bean plant density, height and yield by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectively. Overall, kidney and small red Mexican bean were the most tolerant to sulfentrazone, followed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sulfentrazone applied PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and small red Mexican bean crops.
文摘Eight field trials were conducted from 2006 to 2008 at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the co-application of postemergence herbicides with cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate insecticides in cranberry and white bean. At 2 weeks after treatment, the addition of cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate insecticides to sethoxydim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen and bentazon plus fomesafen did not increase injury at the Exeter and Ridgetown locations except for bentazon plus dimethoate which caused greater injury than bentazon alone (2.9% vs 0.2%) in 2006. However at Harrow, the addition of dimethoate to quizalofop-p-ethyl increased injury (0% vs 4.9%) in 2007 and the addition cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate to sethoxydim increased injury in 2008 in dry bean. The addition of cyhalothrin-lambda to quizalofop-p-ethyl also increased injury (0% vs 4.5%) in 2008. There was no adverse effect on dry bean injury with other treatments at Harrow in 2007 or 2008. The addition of cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate to the herbicides evaluated did not have any adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight or yield of dry bean except for bentazon plus dimethoate which decreased shoot dry weight 20% compared to bentazon alone at Harrow in 2008. Based on these results, cyhalothrin-lambda or dimethoate can be tank-mixed with sethoxydim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen and bentazon plus fomesafen when the optimum application timing of these herbicides and insecticides coincide.
文摘The effect of biostimulants such as Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions is not known. A total of 12 field experiments (6 in cranberry bean “Etna” and 6 in white bean “OAC REX”) were conducted at two locations (Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada) to evaluate the effect of Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on visible injury, shoot dry weight, height and yield of cranberry and white bean. Visible injury ranged from 0% to 7.3% in white bean and 0% to 9.4% in cranberry bean with quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon alone or in combination with Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster. The addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to herbicides evaluated had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content and yield of white or cranberry bean except with the addition of RR SoyBooster to quizalofop-p-ethyl which increased height 3.7% and the addition of the Crop Booster to bentazon which decreased shoot dry weight 12% and the addition of Crop Booster to bentazon plus fomesafen which increased shoot dry weight 17% in white bean. Based on these results, there were minimal effects from the addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to commonly used herbicides in white and cranberry bean.
文摘Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterranean coast and the Isles; from Egypt and Arabian Coast （the Arabia Felix） to Abyssinia; through Mesopotamia to India and China probably during the first millennium AD （only land races of major type, the latest in being produced, were known in China until recently）. Faba bean （Vicia faba L.） is grown world-wide as a protein source for food and feed. The importance of nutzients （micro and macro） for human growth is universally recognized. An investigation was camed out to select the most successful faba bean genotypes to estimate for seed yield and some of agro-morphological traits. Effective interpretation of the dataon breeding programes is important at all stages of plant improvment. The GT （genotype by trait） was used for two-way faba bean genotypes with multiple traits. For this purpose, six faba bean genotypes with specific components were tested and the GT biplot for genotype data explained 83% of total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of GT presented for five traits of faba bean genotypes showed three vertex genotypes as Goryaka, Karcacaoglan and Seher. Genotype G0ryaka had the highest values for most of the traits. It was demonstzaited that the selection of high seed yield will be via hundred seed weight and planth height. These traits should be considered meanwhile as effective selection criteria developing high yielding faba bean genotypes because of their large contibution to grain yield. The genotypes Goryaka and Karacaoglan could be well-considered for improving of desirable candidate in selection of improvement studies.
文摘Six field studies were completed in Ontario (during 2016 to 2018) to assess the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red and navy bean to 2,4-D ester at 528 or 1056 g·ai·ha-1 applied 14, 7 and 1 day before seeding (PP) and 3 days after seeding (PRE). 2,4-D applied PP or PRE caused as much as 4%, 6%, 7% and 8% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red and navy (white) bean, respectively. There was an increase in bean injury as the preplant interval decreased. At 1 WAE, 2,4-D applied at 1056 g·ai·ha-1 14, 7 and 1 day PP and 3 days after seeding caused up to 6%, 10%, 18% and 5% visible bean injury, respectively. The level of injury decreased over time with minimal bean injury (0 to 3%) at 8 WAE. Bean stand counts were similar to the non-treated control with 2,4-D applied at various timings except at 1 day PP when 2,4-D at the 2X rate decreased bean stand 13%. There was up to 23% and 43% decrease in bean dry weight with 2,4-D applied PP at 528 and 1056 g·ai·ha-1 7 and 1 day PP, respectively. Bean height (6 WAE) was not affected by 2,4-D applied at various timings except at 1 day PP when 2,4-D (1056 g·ai·ha-1) decreased bean height 10%. Additionally, there was no effect of 2,4-D treatments on bean maturity or yield. Based on these results, the safest times to apply 2,4-D are 14 days before seeding or PRE. Injury was higher when 2,4-D was applied 7 and 1 day PP. Injury was lower in adzuki bean compared to kidney, small red or navy bean.
