Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common tumor worldwide.Multiple treatment options are available for HCC including curative resection,liver transplantation,radiofrequency ablation,trans-arterial chemoemb...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common tumor worldwide.Multiple treatment options are available for HCC including curative resection,liver transplantation,radiofrequency ablation,trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization and systemic targeted agent like sorafenib.The treatment of HCC depends on the tumor stage,patient performance status and liver function reserve and requires a multidisciplinary approach.In the past few years with significant advances in surgical treatments and locoregional therapies,the short-term survival of HCC has improved but the recurrent disease remains a big problem.The pathogenesis of HCC is a multistep and complex process,wherein angiogenesis plays an important role.For patients with advanced disease,sorafenib is the only approved therapy,but novel systemic molecular targeted agents and their combinations are emerging.This article provides an overview of treatment of early and advanced stage HCC based on our extensive review of relevant literature.展开更多
The efficiencies of free and immobilized bacterial cultures of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders were evaluated and compared in this study. Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities with high tolerance to and high deg...The efficiencies of free and immobilized bacterial cultures of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders were evaluated and compared in this study. Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities with high tolerance to and high degrading ability of crude oil were obtained from the soil contaminated with crude oil in the Yellow River Delta. Then, the microbial cells were immobilized in sodium alginate （SA） beads and sodium Mginate-diatomite （SAD） beads. The biodegradation of crude oil in soil by immobilized cells was compared with that by free cells at three inoculation concentrations, 1× 104 colony forming units （cfu） kg-^（-1）（low concentration, L）, 5 × 104 cfu kg^（-1） （medium concentration, M）, and 1× 105 cfu kg^（-1） （high concentration, H）. At 20 d after inoculation, the maximum degradation rate in the immobilized systems reached 29.8% （SAD-M）, significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of the free cells （21.1%）, and the SAD beads showed greater degradation than the SA beads. Moreover, both microbial populations and total microbial activity reached significantly higher level （P 〈 0.05） in the immobilized systems than free cell systems at a same initial inoculation amount. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） images also confirmed the advantages of the immobilized microstructure of SAD beads. The enhanced degradation and bacterial growth in the SAD beads indicated the high potential of SAD beads as an effective option for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils in the Yellow River Delta.展开更多
The study examined the adsorption of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb（II） ions such as initia...The study examined the adsorption of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb（II） ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb（II） ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb（II） ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb（II） and Cu（II） ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2＋, Mg2＋, K＋ and Na＋ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb（II） ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb（II） ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb（II） ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solutions.展开更多
A simple and efficient method was presented for isolating microsatellite DNA markers from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genome. The genomic DNA was converted into pre-amplified AFLP fragments and hybridized with biotin...A simple and efficient method was presented for isolating microsatellite DNA markers from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genome. The genomic DNA was converted into pre-amplified AFLP fragments and hybridized with biotin-labeled SSR probes. Then the hybrid mixture was used to incubate with magnetic beads coated with streptavidin. After washing to remove the non-SSR fragments, the eluted single-strand DNA, which was cloned and sequenced, was largely enriched for microsatellites. Primers can then be designed according to the sequence flanking the repeat motifs and used for polymorphism analysis. The whole experiment can be completed within one week and can be employed as a reliable option for any molecular laboratory to develop SSR markers.展开更多
Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and chromimum(Ⅱ), from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\_100 m...Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and chromimum(Ⅱ), from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\_100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge(PAS) was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃. Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.展开更多
Background Recently, due to the rapid development of proteomic techniques, great advance has been made in many scientific fields. We aimed to use magnetic beads （liquid chip） based matrix-assisted laser desorption/i...Background Recently, due to the rapid development of proteomic techniques, great advance has been made in many scientific fields. We aimed to use magnetic beads （liquid chip） based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） technology to screen distinctive biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma （adCA）, and to establish the diagnostic protein profiles. Methods Using weak cation exchange magnetic beads （MB-WCX） to isolate and purify low molecular weight proteins from sera of 35 lung adCA, 46 benign lung diseases （BLDs） and 44 healthy individuals. The resulting spectra gained by anchor chip-MALDI-TOF-MS were analyzed by ClinProTools and a pattern recognition genetic algorithm （GA）. Results In the working mass range of 800-10 000 Da, 99 distinctive peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus BLDs, while 101 peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus healthy persons. The profile gained by GA that could distinguish adCA from BLDs was comprised of 4053.88, 4209.57 and 3883.33 Da with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 93%, while that could separate adCA from healthy control was comprised of 2951.83 Da and 4209.73 Da with sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 95%. The sensitivity provided by carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） in this experiment was significantly lower than our discriminatory profiles （P 〈0.005）. We further identified a eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit （eRF3b） （4209 Da） and a complement C3f （1865 Da） that may serve as candidate biomarkers for lung adCA. Conclusion Magnetic beads based MALDI-TOF-MS technology can rapidly and effectively screen distinctive proteins/polypeptides from sera of lung adCA patients and controls, which has potential value for establishing a new diagnostic method for lung adCA.展开更多
A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads Ibr NH4^-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were...A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads Ibr NH4^-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4＋-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4＋-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 30 rain. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77-5.80 mg/L, the NH4＋-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4＋-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C]N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4＋-N, NO3--N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.展开更多
Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is the current standard of therapy for patients with intermediatestage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification. The concept of ...Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is the current standard of therapy for patients with intermediatestage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification. The concept of conventional TACE(cTACE) is the selective obstruction of tumor-feeding artery by injection of chemotherapeutic agents, leading to ischemic necrosis of the target tumor via cytotoxic and ischemic effects. Drugeluting beads(DEBs) have been imposed as novel drugdelivering agents for TACE, which allows for higher concentrations of drugs within the target tumor and lower systemic concentrations compared with cTACE. Despite the theoretical advantages of DEB-TACE, it is still controversial in clinical practice as to whether DEBTACE is superior to cTACE in regard to overall survival and treatment response. In this review article, we summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE for patients with intermediate or advanced stage HCC in comparison with cTACE.展开更多
AIM To assess the usefulness of intra-arterial contrastenhanced ultrasonography(IAUS) during transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with drug-eluting beads(DEB) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Thirty two pati...AIM To assess the usefulness of intra-arterial contrastenhanced ultrasonography(IAUS) during transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with drug-eluting beads(DEB) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Thirty two patients with 39 HCC underwent DEB-TACE guided with IAUS, and examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) or dynamic CT after DEB-TACE were enrolled in this study. CEUS findings before DEBTACE and IAUS findings were compared. Treatments judged to be complete and incomplete for lesions were appropriate and insufficient, respectively. Findings on CEUS and/or dynamic CT performed 1, 3 and 6 mo after DEB-TACE were evaluated using m RECIST(CR/PR/SD/PD).RESULTS The treatments were complete and incomplete in 26 and 13 lesions, respectively. On imaging evaluation using CEUS and/or dynamic CT one month after treatment, 25 and 1 lesions were judged to be CR and PR, respectively, and at 6 mo after treatment, the results were CR, PR, SD and PD for 24, 1, 0 and 1 of these lesions, respectively, in the 26 completely treated lesions. Of the 13 lesions in which treatment was incomplete, the results on imaging at one month after treatment were CR, PR, SD and PD for 0, 6, 4 and 3 lesions, respectively. The overall CR rate at 6 mo after treatment was 61.5%(24/39).CONCLUSION A combination of DEB-TACE with IAUS can improve the therapeutic effects in patients with HCC.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of malignant tumor.Although radical surgery and liver transplantation are possible cures for the disease,most patients are beyond the optimum stage for radi...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of malignant tumor.Although radical surgery and liver transplantation are possible cures for the disease,most patients are beyond the optimum stage for radical treatment at the time of diagnosis.Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first choice of treatment for advanced HCC.Owing to the widespread use of conventional TACE(cTACE),the problems with this treatment cannot be ignored.Drug-eluting beads(DEBs),a new type of embolization material,appear to overcome the problems of cTACE,and they have other advantages such as synchronous controlled continuous drug release after chemotherapy and embolization and low blood concentrations after treatment.This review summarizes the recent advances in the use of DEB-TACE to treat HCC.展开更多
Esox reieherti Dybowsk genomic microsateUites were developed by using enrichment protocols combined with radioactive hybridization protocol. Four hundred to nine hundred base pair fragments were selected for the whole...Esox reieherti Dybowsk genomic microsateUites were developed by using enrichment protocols combined with radioactive hybridization protocol. Four hundred to nine hundred base pair fragments were selected for the whole genome. DNA PCR amplification after digestion with restriction endonuclease Sau 3A Ⅰ, and （CA）12, （GA）12 probes marked with biotin were used for microsateUite DNA enrichment. The product fragments were connected with carder pGEM-T and transferred into DH5α Escherichia coli competent cells, and radioactive isotope probes marked with γ^-32 p were used for the second hybridization. As a result, a total of 1600 bacteria were obtained in the microsatellite genomic libraries, positive clones accounted for 90.91% before hybridization and 81.25% after hybridization, amounting to 1300. One hundred and ninety-six positive clones were selected for sequencing, and 192 clones included microsateUite sequences. The microsateUite sequences obtained, mono-nucleotide, quad-nucleotide and quint-nucleotide repeat motifs were observed beside double-base-pairs CA/GT, GA/CT. Seventy primers were designed according to the flanking sequences by using software Primer Premier 5.0, and 32 primers were selected to be synthesized. After optimizing PCR reaction conditions, 28 primers were amplified and produced clear purpose bands. The aim of our research was to promote the development and utilization of E. reieherti genomic resource, and lay the foundation for optimizing E. reieherti breeding strain in order to detect the genetic diversity and construct a genetic map.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common tumor worldwide.Multiple treatment options are available for HCC including curative resection,liver transplantation,radiofrequency ablation,trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization and systemic targeted agent like sorafenib.The treatment of HCC depends on the tumor stage,patient performance status and liver function reserve and requires a multidisciplinary approach.In the past few years with significant advances in surgical treatments and locoregional therapies,the short-term survival of HCC has improved but the recurrent disease remains a big problem.The pathogenesis of HCC is a multistep and complex process,wherein angiogenesis plays an important role.For patients with advanced disease,sorafenib is the only approved therapy,but novel systemic molecular targeted agents and their combinations are emerging.This article provides an overview of treatment of early and advanced stage HCC based on our extensive review of relevant literature.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41073067)the Key Program of the Ministry of Education,China (No.308016)the National Major Special Technological Programme Concerning Water Pollution Control and Management of China (No.2009ZX07010-008)
文摘The efficiencies of free and immobilized bacterial cultures of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders were evaluated and compared in this study. Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities with high tolerance to and high degrading ability of crude oil were obtained from the soil contaminated with crude oil in the Yellow River Delta. Then, the microbial cells were immobilized in sodium alginate （SA） beads and sodium Mginate-diatomite （SAD） beads. The biodegradation of crude oil in soil by immobilized cells was compared with that by free cells at three inoculation concentrations, 1× 104 colony forming units （cfu） kg-^（-1）（low concentration, L）, 5 × 104 cfu kg^（-1） （medium concentration, M）, and 1× 105 cfu kg^（-1） （high concentration, H）. At 20 d after inoculation, the maximum degradation rate in the immobilized systems reached 29.8% （SAD-M）, significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of the free cells （21.1%）, and the SAD beads showed greater degradation than the SA beads. Moreover, both microbial populations and total microbial activity reached significantly higher level （P 〈 0.05） in the immobilized systems than free cell systems at a same initial inoculation amount. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） images also confirmed the advantages of the immobilized microstructure of SAD beads. The enhanced degradation and bacterial growth in the SAD beads indicated the high potential of SAD beads as an effective option for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils in the Yellow River Delta.
基金the financial support under the Short Term Grant (No.304/PKIMIA/636065)
文摘The study examined the adsorption of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb（II） ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb（II） ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb（II） ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb（II） and Cu（II） ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2＋, Mg2＋, K＋ and Na＋ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb（II） ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb（II） ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb（II） ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solutions.
文摘A simple and efficient method was presented for isolating microsatellite DNA markers from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genome. The genomic DNA was converted into pre-amplified AFLP fragments and hybridized with biotin-labeled SSR probes. Then the hybrid mixture was used to incubate with magnetic beads coated with streptavidin. After washing to remove the non-SSR fragments, the eluted single-strand DNA, which was cloned and sequenced, was largely enriched for microsatellites. Primers can then be designed according to the sequence flanking the repeat motifs and used for polymorphism analysis. The whole experiment can be completed within one week and can be employed as a reliable option for any molecular laboratory to develop SSR markers.
文摘Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and chromimum(Ⅱ), from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\_100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge(PAS) was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃. Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570795） and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （No. NECT-06-0845） and the Program in Science and Technology of Xi＇an, Shaanxi Province （No. S F08009（1））.Acknowledgement： We are grateful to HU Xiao-hui for the technical guidance.
文摘Background Recently, due to the rapid development of proteomic techniques, great advance has been made in many scientific fields. We aimed to use magnetic beads （liquid chip） based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） technology to screen distinctive biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma （adCA）, and to establish the diagnostic protein profiles. Methods Using weak cation exchange magnetic beads （MB-WCX） to isolate and purify low molecular weight proteins from sera of 35 lung adCA, 46 benign lung diseases （BLDs） and 44 healthy individuals. The resulting spectra gained by anchor chip-MALDI-TOF-MS were analyzed by ClinProTools and a pattern recognition genetic algorithm （GA）. Results In the working mass range of 800-10 000 Da, 99 distinctive peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus BLDs, while 101 peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus healthy persons. The profile gained by GA that could distinguish adCA from BLDs was comprised of 4053.88, 4209.57 and 3883.33 Da with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 93%, while that could separate adCA from healthy control was comprised of 2951.83 Da and 4209.73 Da with sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 95%. The sensitivity provided by carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） in this experiment was significantly lower than our discriminatory profiles （P 〈0.005）. We further identified a eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit （eRF3b） （4209 Da） and a complement C3f （1865 Da） that may serve as candidate biomarkers for lung adCA. Conclusion Magnetic beads based MALDI-TOF-MS technology can rapidly and effectively screen distinctive proteins/polypeptides from sera of lung adCA patients and controls, which has potential value for establishing a new diagnostic method for lung adCA.
基金supported by the National Water Special Funding Project on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution (No. 2008ZX07425-002, 2009ZX07103002)
文摘A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads Ibr NH4^-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4＋-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4＋-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 30 rain. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77-5.80 mg/L, the NH4＋-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4＋-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C]N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4＋-N, NO3--N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.
文摘Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is the current standard of therapy for patients with intermediatestage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification. The concept of conventional TACE(cTACE) is the selective obstruction of tumor-feeding artery by injection of chemotherapeutic agents, leading to ischemic necrosis of the target tumor via cytotoxic and ischemic effects. Drugeluting beads(DEBs) have been imposed as novel drugdelivering agents for TACE, which allows for higher concentrations of drugs within the target tumor and lower systemic concentrations compared with cTACE. Despite the theoretical advantages of DEB-TACE, it is still controversial in clinical practice as to whether DEBTACE is superior to cTACE in regard to overall survival and treatment response. In this review article, we summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE for patients with intermediate or advanced stage HCC in comparison with cTACE.
文摘AIM To assess the usefulness of intra-arterial contrastenhanced ultrasonography(IAUS) during transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with drug-eluting beads(DEB) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Thirty two patients with 39 HCC underwent DEB-TACE guided with IAUS, and examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) or dynamic CT after DEB-TACE were enrolled in this study. CEUS findings before DEBTACE and IAUS findings were compared. Treatments judged to be complete and incomplete for lesions were appropriate and insufficient, respectively. Findings on CEUS and/or dynamic CT performed 1, 3 and 6 mo after DEB-TACE were evaluated using m RECIST(CR/PR/SD/PD).RESULTS The treatments were complete and incomplete in 26 and 13 lesions, respectively. On imaging evaluation using CEUS and/or dynamic CT one month after treatment, 25 and 1 lesions were judged to be CR and PR, respectively, and at 6 mo after treatment, the results were CR, PR, SD and PD for 24, 1, 0 and 1 of these lesions, respectively, in the 26 completely treated lesions. Of the 13 lesions in which treatment was incomplete, the results on imaging at one month after treatment were CR, PR, SD and PD for 0, 6, 4 and 3 lesions, respectively. The overall CR rate at 6 mo after treatment was 61.5%(24/39).CONCLUSION A combination of DEB-TACE with IAUS can improve the therapeutic effects in patients with HCC.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of malignant tumor.Although radical surgery and liver transplantation are possible cures for the disease,most patients are beyond the optimum stage for radical treatment at the time of diagnosis.Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first choice of treatment for advanced HCC.Owing to the widespread use of conventional TACE(cTACE),the problems with this treatment cannot be ignored.Drug-eluting beads(DEBs),a new type of embolization material,appear to overcome the problems of cTACE,and they have other advantages such as synchronous controlled continuous drug release after chemotherapy and embolization and low blood concentrations after treatment.This review summarizes the recent advances in the use of DEB-TACE to treat HCC.
文摘Esox reieherti Dybowsk genomic microsateUites were developed by using enrichment protocols combined with radioactive hybridization protocol. Four hundred to nine hundred base pair fragments were selected for the whole genome. DNA PCR amplification after digestion with restriction endonuclease Sau 3A Ⅰ, and （CA）12, （GA）12 probes marked with biotin were used for microsateUite DNA enrichment. The product fragments were connected with carder pGEM-T and transferred into DH5α Escherichia coli competent cells, and radioactive isotope probes marked with γ^-32 p were used for the second hybridization. As a result, a total of 1600 bacteria were obtained in the microsatellite genomic libraries, positive clones accounted for 90.91% before hybridization and 81.25% after hybridization, amounting to 1300. One hundred and ninety-six positive clones were selected for sequencing, and 192 clones included microsateUite sequences. The microsateUite sequences obtained, mono-nucleotide, quad-nucleotide and quint-nucleotide repeat motifs were observed beside double-base-pairs CA/GT, GA/CT. Seventy primers were designed according to the flanking sequences by using software Primer Premier 5.0, and 32 primers were selected to be synthesized. After optimizing PCR reaction conditions, 28 primers were amplified and produced clear purpose bands. The aim of our research was to promote the development and utilization of E. reieherti genomic resource, and lay the foundation for optimizing E. reieherti breeding strain in order to detect the genetic diversity and construct a genetic map.
