某1×10~4m^3/d污水处理厂装设规模为300 k Wp的分布式光伏发电系统,工程总投资为260万元。详细介绍了光伏系统的平面、结构、电气、监控等设计内容。该系统自2015年12月31日并网发电运行以来,运行效果良好,全年发电量约为39×1...某1×10~4m^3/d污水处理厂装设规模为300 k Wp的分布式光伏发电系统,工程总投资为260万元。详细介绍了光伏系统的平面、结构、电气、监控等设计内容。该系统自2015年12月31日并网发电运行以来,运行效果良好,全年发电量约为39×10~4k W·h,约占污水处理厂总用电量的20%,可节约47.93 t标煤,减排二氧化碳388.83 t,毛收入65.1万元,静态投资回收期为3.99年。安装光伏发电系统对于污水厂的节能降耗减排效果显著,具有很好的推广应用价值。展开更多
With many merits such as facile synthesis,economy,and relatively high theoretical capacity,Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,their practical a...With many merits such as facile synthesis,economy,and relatively high theoretical capacity,Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,their practical applications still suffer from a low actual specific capacity and inferior stability owing to the imperfect crystallinity,irreversible phase transition,and low intrinsic conductivity.Herein,a surface-modification technique for vapor-phase molecular self-assembly was developed to prepare Fe-based PBAs,specifically sodium iron hexacyanoferrate(NaFeHCF),with a uniform conductive polymer protective layer of polypyrrole(PPy)on the surface,resulting in NaFeHCF@PPy.The incorporation of a PPy protective layer not only improves the electronic conductivity of NaFeHCF@PPy,but also effectively mitigates the dissolution of Fe-ions during cycling.Specifically,this advanced vapor-phase technique avoids Fe^(2+)oxidation and Na^(+)loss during liquid-phase surface modification.The NaFeHCF@PPy exhibited a remarkably enhanced cycling performance,with capacity retentions of 85.6%and 69.1%over 500 and 1000 cycles,respectively,at 200 mA/g,along with a superior rate performance up to 5 A/g(fast kinetics).Additionally,by adopting this strategy for Mn-based PBAs(NaMnHCF@PPy),we further demonstrated the universality of this method for PBA cathodes in SIBs.展开更多
Three-dimensional （3D） graphene has recently attracted enormous attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, current methods suffer from an inability to simultaneously control and engineer the...Three-dimensional （3D） graphene has recently attracted enormous attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, current methods suffer from an inability to simultaneously control and engineer the porosity and morphology of the graphene frameworks. Here, we report the designed synthesis of ordered mesoporous graphene spheres （OMGSs） by transformation of self-assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. The resultant OMGSs have an ultrathin framework comprising few-layered graphene, with highly ordered and interconnected mesoporosity and a high surface area. These advantageous structural and textural features, in combination with the excellent electrical conductivity of the graphitic frameworks, render the OMGSs an ideal and general platform for creating hybrid materials that are well suited for use as composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, SnO2 and GeO2 nanoparticles are incorporated into the OMGSs to afford SnO2@OMGSs and GeO2@OMGSs, respectively, both of which exhibit outstanding lithium storage properties when used as LIB anodes.展开更多
The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as ...The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,展开更多
Bio-inspired hierarchical self-assembly provides elegant and powerful bottom-up strategies for the creation of complex materials.However,the current self-assembly approaches for natural bio-compounds often result in m...Bio-inspired hierarchical self-assembly provides elegant and powerful bottom-up strategies for the creation of complex materials.However,the current self-assembly approaches for natural bio-compounds often result in materials with limited diversity and complexity in architecture as well as microstructure.Here,we develop a novel coordination polymerization-driven hierarchical assembly of micelle strategy,using phytic acid-based natural compounds as an example,for the spatially controlled fabrication of metal coordination bio-derived polymers.The resultant ferric phytate polymer nanospheres feature hollow architecture,ordered meso-channels of^12 nm,high surface area of 401 m2 g−1,and large pore volume of 0.53 cm3 g−1.As an advanced anode material,this bio-derivative polymer delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1,good rate capability,and cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries.This study holds great potential of the design of new complex bio-materials with supramolecular chemistry.展开更多
Silicon offers a high theoretical specific capacity for anodic lithium storage.However,its applications are hindered by the electrode instability caused by the sharp volume change,and the limited rate performance resu...Silicon offers a high theoretical specific capacity for anodic lithium storage.However,its applications are hindered by the electrode instability caused by the sharp volume change,and the limited rate performance resulted from the insulating property.Herein,we introduce a facile and fast method of preparing honeycomb‐like silicon‐based anodes(MXene‐Si@C)with porous structure using MXene and carbon‐coated silicon.The dual protection from both the surface coating and as‐formed interlayered vacant spaces ameliorate the volume expansion of the silicon and thus reinforce the mechanical stability of the electrode.In addition,the highly conducting MXene and the surface carbon coating form a hierarchical and consecutive electron‐conducting network with evidently reduced resistance.With this proposed composite,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.73%and high capacity retention of 82.4%after 300 cycles at 1 A/g can be achieved even with an areal loading around 1.5 mg/cm^(2).Coupled with an NCM523 cathode,the proof‐of‐concept full cell delivers a high capacity of 164.2mAh/g with an extremely high energy density of 574Wh/kg(based on the mass of the electrode materials)at 0.2 C and an excellent cyclability at 0.5 C of 100 cycles with decent capacity retention(80.28%).展开更多
Titania has received considerable attention as a promising anode material of Li-ion battery(LIB).Controlling the structure and morphology of titania nanostructures is crucial to govern their performance.Herein,we repo...Titania has received considerable attention as a promising anode material of Li-ion battery(LIB).Controlling the structure and morphology of titania nanostructures is crucial to govern their performance.Herein,we report a mesoporous titania scaffold with a bicontinuous shifted double diamond(SDD)structure for anode material of LIB.The titania scaffold was synthesized by the cooperative self-assembly of a block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate)as the inorganic precursor in a mixture solvent of tetrahydrofuran and HCl/water.The structure shows tetragonal symmetry(space group I4_(1)/amd)comprising two sets of diamond networks adjoining each other with the unit cell parameter of a=90 nm and c=127 nm,which affords the porous titania a specific surface area(SSA)of 42 m^(2)·g^(-1)with a mean pore diameter of 38 nm.Serving as an anode material of LIB,the bicontinuous titania scaffold exhibits a high specific capacity of 254 mAh·g^(-1)at the current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and an alluring self-improving feature upon charge/discharge over 1,000 cycles.This study overcomes the difficulty in building up ordered bicontinuous functional materials and demonstrates their potential in energy storage application.展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379096,52271222,51971146,51971147,52171218,52371230)support of Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan,the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-07-E00015)+2 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.21PJ1411100)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Nos.20QA1407100,21QA1406500)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Nos.21010503100,20ZR1438400,22ZR1443900).
文摘With many merits such as facile synthesis,economy,and relatively high theoretical capacity,Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,their practical applications still suffer from a low actual specific capacity and inferior stability owing to the imperfect crystallinity,irreversible phase transition,and low intrinsic conductivity.Herein,a surface-modification technique for vapor-phase molecular self-assembly was developed to prepare Fe-based PBAs,specifically sodium iron hexacyanoferrate(NaFeHCF),with a uniform conductive polymer protective layer of polypyrrole(PPy)on the surface,resulting in NaFeHCF@PPy.The incorporation of a PPy protective layer not only improves the electronic conductivity of NaFeHCF@PPy,but also effectively mitigates the dissolution of Fe-ions during cycling.Specifically,this advanced vapor-phase technique avoids Fe^(2+)oxidation and Na^(+)loss during liquid-phase surface modification.The NaFeHCF@PPy exhibited a remarkably enhanced cycling performance,with capacity retentions of 85.6%and 69.1%over 500 and 1000 cycles,respectively,at 200 mA/g,along with a superior rate performance up to 5 A/g(fast kinetics).Additionally,by adopting this strategy for Mn-based PBAs(NaMnHCF@PPy),we further demonstrated the universality of this method for PBA cathodes in SIBs.
基金A. D. acknowledges the financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2014CB845602）, Natural National Science Foundation of China （No. 21373052）, Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Project （Nos. 15520720100）, and the ＂1000 Youth Talents＂ Plan. D. Y. is grateful for financial support from the Natural National Science Foundation of China （Nos~ 51573030, 51573028, 51373035, and 51373040） and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China （No. 2014DFE40130）.
文摘Three-dimensional （3D） graphene has recently attracted enormous attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, current methods suffer from an inability to simultaneously control and engineer the porosity and morphology of the graphene frameworks. Here, we report the designed synthesis of ordered mesoporous graphene spheres （OMGSs） by transformation of self-assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. The resultant OMGSs have an ultrathin framework comprising few-layered graphene, with highly ordered and interconnected mesoporosity and a high surface area. These advantageous structural and textural features, in combination with the excellent electrical conductivity of the graphitic frameworks, render the OMGSs an ideal and general platform for creating hybrid materials that are well suited for use as composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, SnO2 and GeO2 nanoparticles are incorporated into the OMGSs to afford SnO2@OMGSs and GeO2@OMGSs, respectively, both of which exhibit outstanding lithium storage properties when used as LIB anodes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFBD-16-008A)
文摘The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51773062 and 61831021)
文摘Bio-inspired hierarchical self-assembly provides elegant and powerful bottom-up strategies for the creation of complex materials.However,the current self-assembly approaches for natural bio-compounds often result in materials with limited diversity and complexity in architecture as well as microstructure.Here,we develop a novel coordination polymerization-driven hierarchical assembly of micelle strategy,using phytic acid-based natural compounds as an example,for the spatially controlled fabrication of metal coordination bio-derived polymers.The resultant ferric phytate polymer nanospheres feature hollow architecture,ordered meso-channels of^12 nm,high surface area of 401 m2 g−1,and large pore volume of 0.53 cm3 g−1.As an advanced anode material,this bio-derivative polymer delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1,good rate capability,and cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries.This study holds great potential of the design of new complex bio-materials with supramolecular chemistry.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.T23‐601/17‐R).
文摘Silicon offers a high theoretical specific capacity for anodic lithium storage.However,its applications are hindered by the electrode instability caused by the sharp volume change,and the limited rate performance resulted from the insulating property.Herein,we introduce a facile and fast method of preparing honeycomb‐like silicon‐based anodes(MXene‐Si@C)with porous structure using MXene and carbon‐coated silicon.The dual protection from both the surface coating and as‐formed interlayered vacant spaces ameliorate the volume expansion of the silicon and thus reinforce the mechanical stability of the electrode.In addition,the highly conducting MXene and the surface carbon coating form a hierarchical and consecutive electron‐conducting network with evidently reduced resistance.With this proposed composite,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.73%and high capacity retention of 82.4%after 300 cycles at 1 A/g can be achieved even with an areal loading around 1.5 mg/cm^(2).Coupled with an NCM523 cathode,the proof‐of‐concept full cell delivers a high capacity of 164.2mAh/g with an extremely high energy density of 574Wh/kg(based on the mass of the electrode materials)at 0.2 C and an excellent cyclability at 0.5 C of 100 cycles with decent capacity retention(80.28%).
基金The authors appreciate the Instrum ental Analysis Center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University for some analyses.The authors are also grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21774076,21922304,21873072,52073173)the Program of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.17JC1403200)+1 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.19XD1421700)the Program of Shanghai Eastern Scholar and Natural Science Foundation o f Shanghai(No.18ZR1442400).
文摘Titania has received considerable attention as a promising anode material of Li-ion battery(LIB).Controlling the structure and morphology of titania nanostructures is crucial to govern their performance.Herein,we report a mesoporous titania scaffold with a bicontinuous shifted double diamond(SDD)structure for anode material of LIB.The titania scaffold was synthesized by the cooperative self-assembly of a block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate)as the inorganic precursor in a mixture solvent of tetrahydrofuran and HCl/water.The structure shows tetragonal symmetry(space group I4_(1)/amd)comprising two sets of diamond networks adjoining each other with the unit cell parameter of a=90 nm and c=127 nm,which affords the porous titania a specific surface area(SSA)of 42 m^(2)·g^(-1)with a mean pore diameter of 38 nm.Serving as an anode material of LIB,the bicontinuous titania scaffold exhibits a high specific capacity of 254 mAh·g^(-1)at the current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and an alluring self-improving feature upon charge/discharge over 1,000 cycles.This study overcomes the difficulty in building up ordered bicontinuous functional materials and demonstrates their potential in energy storage application.
