We consider a variation of the maximum bipartite matching problem where each completed task must have at least two agents assigned to it. We give an integer programming formulation for the problem, and prove that the ...We consider a variation of the maximum bipartite matching problem where each completed task must have at least two agents assigned to it. We give an integer programming formulation for the problem, and prove that the basic solutions of LP-relaxation are half-integral. It is shown that a fractional basic solution can be further processed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem.展开更多
It is of great significance and challenge to achieve direct conversion of cellulose to specific polyols,e.g.,ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.For such selective conversion,a novel one-pot approach was studied by c...It is of great significance and challenge to achieve direct conversion of cellulose to specific polyols,e.g.,ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.For such selective conversion,a novel one-pot approach was studied by combination of alkaline hydrolysis and hydrogenation on supported Ru catalysts.A wide range of bases including solid bases,e.g.,Ca(OH)2 and La2O3,and phosphate buffers were examined in the cellulose reaction in water,and the cellulose conversions and polyol products depended largely on the basicity or pH values in the aqueous solutions.Ethylene glycol,1,2-propanediol,and especially 1,2,5-pentanetriol were obtained with selectivities of 15%,14% and 22%,respectively,at 38% cellulose conversion at pH 8 in phosphate buffer solution.These preliminary results provide potentials for efficient conversion of cellulose to targeted polyols by using the advantages of bases.展开更多
In this paper, firstly, a simplified version （SGRTM） of the generalized layered radiative transfer model （GRTM） within the canopy, developed by us, is presented. It reduces the information requirement of inputted ...In this paper, firstly, a simplified version （SGRTM） of the generalized layered radiative transfer model （GRTM） within the canopy, developed by us, is presented. It reduces the information requirement of inputted sky diffuse radiation, as well as of canopy morphology, and in turn saves computer resources. Results from the SGRTM agree perfectly with those of the GRTM. Secondly, by applying the linear superposition principle of the optics and by using the basic solutions of the GRTM for radiative transfer within the canopy under the condition of assumed zero soil reflectance, two sets of explicit analytical solutions of radiative transfer within the canopy with any soil reflectance magnitude are derived： one for incident diffuse, and the other for direct beam radiation. The explicit analytical solutions need two sets of basic solutions of canopy reflectance and transmittance under zero soil reflectance, run by the model for both diffuse and direct beam radiation. One set of basic solutions is the canopy reflectance αf （written as α1 for direct beam radiation） and transmittance βf （written as β1 for direction beam radiation） with zero soil reflectance for the downward radiation from above the canopy （i.e. sky）, and the other set is the canopy reflectance （αb） and transmittance βb for the upward radiation from below the canopy （i.e., ground）. Under the condition of the same plant architecture in the vertical layers, and the same leaf adaxial and abaxial optical properties in the canopies for the uniform diffuse radiation, the explicit solutions need only one set of basic solutions, because under this condition the two basic solutions are equal, i.e., αf = αb and βf = βb. Using the explicit analytical solutions, the fractions of any kind of incident solar radiation reflected from （defined as surface albedo, or canopy reflectance）, transmitted through （defined as canopy transmittance）, and absorbed by （defined as canopy absorptance） the canopy and other properties per展开更多
All solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with color parameters for six-vertex model are achieved by five solution transformations, three nondegenerate basic solutions and several degenerate basic solutions. It is shown t...All solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with color parameters for six-vertex model are achieved by five solution transformations, three nondegenerate basic solutions and several degenerate basic solutions. It is shown that all solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with spectral parameter for six-vertex model are obtainable from solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with color parameters for six-vertex model.展开更多
文摘We consider a variation of the maximum bipartite matching problem where each completed task must have at least two agents assigned to it. We give an integer programming formulation for the problem, and prove that the basic solutions of LP-relaxation are half-integral. It is shown that a fractional basic solution can be further processed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20733009, 20825310 & 20973011)the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB806100)
文摘It is of great significance and challenge to achieve direct conversion of cellulose to specific polyols,e.g.,ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.For such selective conversion,a novel one-pot approach was studied by combination of alkaline hydrolysis and hydrogenation on supported Ru catalysts.A wide range of bases including solid bases,e.g.,Ca(OH)2 and La2O3,and phosphate buffers were examined in the cellulose reaction in water,and the cellulose conversions and polyol products depended largely on the basicity or pH values in the aqueous solutions.Ethylene glycol,1,2-propanediol,and especially 1,2,5-pentanetriol were obtained with selectivities of 15%,14% and 22%,respectively,at 38% cellulose conversion at pH 8 in phosphate buffer solution.These preliminary results provide potentials for efficient conversion of cellulose to targeted polyols by using the advantages of bases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40233034, 40575043the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KZCX3_SW_229）.
文摘In this paper, firstly, a simplified version （SGRTM） of the generalized layered radiative transfer model （GRTM） within the canopy, developed by us, is presented. It reduces the information requirement of inputted sky diffuse radiation, as well as of canopy morphology, and in turn saves computer resources. Results from the SGRTM agree perfectly with those of the GRTM. Secondly, by applying the linear superposition principle of the optics and by using the basic solutions of the GRTM for radiative transfer within the canopy under the condition of assumed zero soil reflectance, two sets of explicit analytical solutions of radiative transfer within the canopy with any soil reflectance magnitude are derived： one for incident diffuse, and the other for direct beam radiation. The explicit analytical solutions need two sets of basic solutions of canopy reflectance and transmittance under zero soil reflectance, run by the model for both diffuse and direct beam radiation. One set of basic solutions is the canopy reflectance αf （written as α1 for direct beam radiation） and transmittance βf （written as β1 for direction beam radiation） with zero soil reflectance for the downward radiation from above the canopy （i.e. sky）, and the other set is the canopy reflectance （αb） and transmittance βb for the upward radiation from below the canopy （i.e., ground）. Under the condition of the same plant architecture in the vertical layers, and the same leaf adaxial and abaxial optical properties in the canopies for the uniform diffuse radiation, the explicit solutions need only one set of basic solutions, because under this condition the two basic solutions are equal, i.e., αf = αb and βf = βb. Using the explicit analytical solutions, the fractions of any kind of incident solar radiation reflected from （defined as surface albedo, or canopy reflectance）, transmitted through （defined as canopy transmittance）, and absorbed by （defined as canopy absorptance） the canopy and other properties per
基金the Climbing-up Project, the National Natural Science Foundation of China the Natural Scientific Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘All solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with color parameters for six-vertex model are achieved by five solution transformations, three nondegenerate basic solutions and several degenerate basic solutions. It is shown that all solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with spectral parameter for six-vertex model are obtainable from solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with color parameters for six-vertex model.
