Ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with nonc...Ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with noncirrhotic ascites. Mild to moderate ascites is treated by salt restriction and diuretic therapy. The diuretic of choice is spironolactone. A combination treatment with furosemide might be necessary in patients who do not respond to spironolactone alone. Tense ascites is treated by paracentesis, followed by albumin infusion and diuretic therapy. Treatment options for refractory ascites include repeated paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement in patients with a preserved liver function. Potential complications of ascites are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). SBP is diagnosed by an ascitic neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm3 and is treated with antibiotics. Patients who survive a first episode of SBP or with a low protein concentration in the ascitic fluid require an antibiotic prophylaxis. The prognosis of untreated HRS type 1 is grave. Treatment consists of a combination of terlipressin and albumin. Hemodialysis might serve in selected patients as a bridging therapy to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation should be considered in all patients with ascites and liver cirrhosis.展开更多
采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术对内蒙古河套灌区三种不同盐碱程度土壤（盐土,强度盐化土,轻度盐化土）不同深度（0~20cm和20~30cm）土壤细菌16S r DNA V3~V6可变区扩增片段进行分析,并对土壤理化性质进行了测定.结果表明：细菌群落...采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术对内蒙古河套灌区三种不同盐碱程度土壤（盐土,强度盐化土,轻度盐化土）不同深度（0~20cm和20~30cm）土壤细菌16S r DNA V3~V6可变区扩增片段进行分析,并对土壤理化性质进行了测定.结果表明：细菌群落多样性随土壤盐碱化程度的加深而减少（轻度盐化土〉强度盐化土〉盐土）,随土壤深度的增加而降低（细菌群落多样性0~20cm土层大于20~30cm土层）.细菌Shannon-Wiener指数在轻度盐化土中最大为3.36,在强度盐化土和盐土分别为3.05和2.49.不同盐碱程度土壤以细菌相似系数聚类,分为0~20cm层与20~30cm层两大族群,土壤细菌群落Shannon-Wiener指数在0~20cm层中（盐土为3.04,强度盐化土为3.29,轻度盐化土为3.36）均大于在20~30cm层（盐土为2.49,强度盐化土为3.05,轻度盐化土为3.14）.相关性分析和典范对应分析表明,土壤w（EC）、p H值、w（SOC）、w（TP）是土壤细菌群落结构多样性的显著影响因素,不同盐碱程度土壤中细菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤w（EC）（r=-0.542,P〈0.05）、p H（r=-0.526,P〈0.05）呈显著负相关,与土壤w（SOC）（r=0.700,P〈0.01）和w（TP）（r=0.805,P〈0.01）呈极显著正相关.w（EC）和p H对盐碱土壤细菌群落结构的影响力最大.回收DGGE图谱中20个优势条带进行测序分析,结果显示,变形菌纲（α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲和δ-变形菌纲）是盐碱土壤的主要类群.展开更多
文摘Ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with noncirrhotic ascites. Mild to moderate ascites is treated by salt restriction and diuretic therapy. The diuretic of choice is spironolactone. A combination treatment with furosemide might be necessary in patients who do not respond to spironolactone alone. Tense ascites is treated by paracentesis, followed by albumin infusion and diuretic therapy. Treatment options for refractory ascites include repeated paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement in patients with a preserved liver function. Potential complications of ascites are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). SBP is diagnosed by an ascitic neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm3 and is treated with antibiotics. Patients who survive a first episode of SBP or with a low protein concentration in the ascitic fluid require an antibiotic prophylaxis. The prognosis of untreated HRS type 1 is grave. Treatment consists of a combination of terlipressin and albumin. Hemodialysis might serve in selected patients as a bridging therapy to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation should be considered in all patients with ascites and liver cirrhosis.
文摘采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术对内蒙古河套灌区三种不同盐碱程度土壤（盐土,强度盐化土,轻度盐化土）不同深度（0~20cm和20~30cm）土壤细菌16S r DNA V3~V6可变区扩增片段进行分析,并对土壤理化性质进行了测定.结果表明：细菌群落多样性随土壤盐碱化程度的加深而减少（轻度盐化土〉强度盐化土〉盐土）,随土壤深度的增加而降低（细菌群落多样性0~20cm土层大于20~30cm土层）.细菌Shannon-Wiener指数在轻度盐化土中最大为3.36,在强度盐化土和盐土分别为3.05和2.49.不同盐碱程度土壤以细菌相似系数聚类,分为0~20cm层与20~30cm层两大族群,土壤细菌群落Shannon-Wiener指数在0~20cm层中（盐土为3.04,强度盐化土为3.29,轻度盐化土为3.36）均大于在20~30cm层（盐土为2.49,强度盐化土为3.05,轻度盐化土为3.14）.相关性分析和典范对应分析表明,土壤w（EC）、p H值、w（SOC）、w（TP）是土壤细菌群落结构多样性的显著影响因素,不同盐碱程度土壤中细菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤w（EC）（r=-0.542,P〈0.05）、p H（r=-0.526,P〈0.05）呈显著负相关,与土壤w（SOC）（r=0.700,P〈0.01）和w（TP）（r=0.805,P〈0.01）呈极显著正相关.w（EC）和p H对盐碱土壤细菌群落结构的影响力最大.回收DGGE图谱中20个优势条带进行测序分析,结果显示,变形菌纲（α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲和δ-变形菌纲）是盐碱土壤的主要类群.
