Based on ANSYS FEM software, the distribution of residual stress in the diffusion bonding joints between Ti（ C,N） metallic ceramic/interlayer/4OCr steel was calculated and experimentally ver^ed. The results showed t...Based on ANSYS FEM software, the distribution of residual stress in the diffusion bonding joints between Ti（ C,N） metallic ceramic/interlayer/4OCr steel was calculated and experimentally ver^ed. The results showed that the trend on the distribution of residual stress field in the joints was not changed with the use of interlayer. The maximum residual stress was always located in metallic ceramic with area ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm to the interlayer. The maximum residual stress in the joints was also affected by diffusion temperature. The satellite pulse current during the initial stage on diffusion bonding can promote the formation of liquid film at the interface, by which diffusion temperature and loading pressure can be greatly decreased. The crack initiation was easily produced at the corner of Ti （ C, N） metallic ceramic close to the interlayer. If a higher residual stress produced in the joints, the crack was propagated into the whole ceramic.展开更多
Nonlinear governing equations are established for large deflection of incompressible fluid saturated poroelastic beams under constraint that diffusion of the pore fluid is only in the axial direction of the deformed b...Nonlinear governing equations are established for large deflection of incompressible fluid saturated poroelastic beams under constraint that diffusion of the pore fluid is only in the axial direction of the deformed beams. Then, the nonlinear bending of a saturated poroelastic cantilever beam with fixed end impermeable and flee end permeable, subjected to a suddenly applied constant concentrated transverse load at its free end, is examined with the Gaierkin truncation method. The curves of deflections and bending moments of the beam skeleton and the equivalent couples of the pore fluid pressure are shown in figures. The results of the large deflection and the small deflection theories of the cantilever poroelastic beam are compared, and the differences between them are revealed. It is shown that the results of the large deflection theory are less than those of the corresponding small deflection theory, and the times needed to approach its stationary states for the large deflection theory are much less than those of the small deflection theory.展开更多
Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors.However,all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades,which tend to use the combined sweep and dihe...Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors.However,all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades,which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral.As for the prediction parameter DL,although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow,it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region.In this paper,the shape factor gradientψof the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients.The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ζ.A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database,which was established by a numerical method.Then,the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions.The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.展开更多
With increasing emphasis on renewable sources of energy,the gas turbine engine faces several challenges in evolving its design,to remain relevant.Compressor is one of the main components,which accounts for one-third o...With increasing emphasis on renewable sources of energy,the gas turbine engine faces several challenges in evolving its design,to remain relevant.Compressor is one of the main components,which accounts for one-third of the engine length.Compressor designers have been exploring different ideas to achieve maximum pressure rise with minimum number of stages required.Tandem blading is one such novel design that has demonstrated higher diffusion capability than a single rotor blade.A single blade,with a higher diffusion factor,carries the risk of flow separation against the adverse pressure gradient of the compressor flow.In the tandem blading concept,a single blade is split into forward and aft blade.The gap that is created between the forward and aft blade,serves as a mechanism to energize the sluggish flow over the aft blade suction surface,which in turn helps in mitigating the flow separation.The present experimental work is aimed at exploring the feasibility of a tandem rotor in an axial flow compressor under the clean and radially distorted inflows.Steady and unsteady experimental results of the tandem rotor are included in this paper.The stage performance characteristics,variation of total pressure,flow coefficient,and exit flow angle along the blade span for clean and distorted flow is included in this paper.Some results of a steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation are also included to give some insight into the complex flow field of the tandem rotor.Wavelet transform,fast Fourier transform analysis,and visual inspection of casing pressure traces are used to analyze the unsteady result of the tandem rotor in clean and distorted flow.The tandem rotor is able to achieve its design pressure ratio and has a stall margin of 9%under the clean flow condition.Initially,stall appears as a low-intensity spike for all the cases,which turns into a long length-scale disturbance within three rotor revolutions.A modal wave of low frequency is also observed under clean and distorted inflows.展开更多
Liquid phase axial mixing was measured with the tracer technique in a packed column with inner diameter of 0.15m, in which the structured packing, Mellapak 350Y, was installed. Tap water as the liquid phase flowed dow...Liquid phase axial mixing was measured with the tracer technique in a packed column with inner diameter of 0.15m, in which the structured packing, Mellapak 350Y, was installed. Tap water as the liquid phase flowed down through the column and stagnant gas was at elevated pressure ranging from atmospheric to 2.0MPa. The model parameters of Bo and 9 were estimated with the least square method in the time domain. As liquid flow rate was increased, the liquid axial mixing decreased. Under our experimental conditions, the effect of pressure on Bo number on single liquid phase was negligible, and eddy diffusion was believed to be the primary cause of axial mixing in liquid phase.展开更多
Tracer gas technique is a method to analyze the airflow path, measure the airflow quantity, and detect any recirculation or leakages in underground mine. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the axial gas diff...Tracer gas technique is a method to analyze the airflow path, measure the airflow quantity, and detect any recirculation or leakages in underground mine. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the axial gas diffusion of gas in turbulent bulk flow by utilizing the tracer gas data. This paper discussed about the measurement using tracer gas technique in Cibaliung Underground Mine, Indonesia and the evaluation of effective axial diffusion coefficient, E, by numerical simulation. In addition, a scheme to treat network flow in mine ventilation system was also proposed. The effective axial diffusion coefficient for each airway was evaluated based on Taylor's theoretical equation. It is found that the evaluated diffusion coefficient agrees well with Taylor's equation by considering that the wall friction factor, f, is higher than those for smooth pipe flow. It also shows that the value of effective diffusion coefficient can be inherently determined and the value is constant when matching with other measurements. Furthermore, there are possibilities to utilize the tracer gas measurement data to evaluate the airway friction factors.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support for this research from National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51175259） , Jiangsu Science and Technology Planning Project （No. BK2011494） and University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province （ 11KJAd30005 ）.
文摘Based on ANSYS FEM software, the distribution of residual stress in the diffusion bonding joints between Ti（ C,N） metallic ceramic/interlayer/4OCr steel was calculated and experimentally ver^ed. The results showed that the trend on the distribution of residual stress field in the joints was not changed with the use of interlayer. The maximum residual stress was always located in metallic ceramic with area ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm to the interlayer. The maximum residual stress in the joints was also affected by diffusion temperature. The satellite pulse current during the initial stage on diffusion bonding can promote the formation of liquid film at the interface, by which diffusion temperature and loading pressure can be greatly decreased. The crack initiation was easily produced at the corner of Ti （ C, N） metallic ceramic close to the interlayer. If a higher residual stress produced in the joints, the crack was propagated into the whole ceramic.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10272070)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.Y0103)
文摘Nonlinear governing equations are established for large deflection of incompressible fluid saturated poroelastic beams under constraint that diffusion of the pore fluid is only in the axial direction of the deformed beams. Then, the nonlinear bending of a saturated poroelastic cantilever beam with fixed end impermeable and flee end permeable, subjected to a suddenly applied constant concentrated transverse load at its free end, is examined with the Gaierkin truncation method. The curves of deflections and bending moments of the beam skeleton and the equivalent couples of the pore fluid pressure are shown in figures. The results of the large deflection and the small deflection theories of the cantilever poroelastic beam are compared, and the differences between them are revealed. It is shown that the results of the large deflection theory are less than those of the corresponding small deflection theory, and the times needed to approach its stationary states for the large deflection theory are much less than those of the small deflection theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51676015)
文摘Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors.However,all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades,which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral.As for the prediction parameter DL,although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow,it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region.In this paper,the shape factor gradientψof the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients.The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ζ.A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database,which was established by a numerical method.Then,the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions.The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.
文摘With increasing emphasis on renewable sources of energy,the gas turbine engine faces several challenges in evolving its design,to remain relevant.Compressor is one of the main components,which accounts for one-third of the engine length.Compressor designers have been exploring different ideas to achieve maximum pressure rise with minimum number of stages required.Tandem blading is one such novel design that has demonstrated higher diffusion capability than a single rotor blade.A single blade,with a higher diffusion factor,carries the risk of flow separation against the adverse pressure gradient of the compressor flow.In the tandem blading concept,a single blade is split into forward and aft blade.The gap that is created between the forward and aft blade,serves as a mechanism to energize the sluggish flow over the aft blade suction surface,which in turn helps in mitigating the flow separation.The present experimental work is aimed at exploring the feasibility of a tandem rotor in an axial flow compressor under the clean and radially distorted inflows.Steady and unsteady experimental results of the tandem rotor are included in this paper.The stage performance characteristics,variation of total pressure,flow coefficient,and exit flow angle along the blade span for clean and distorted flow is included in this paper.Some results of a steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation are also included to give some insight into the complex flow field of the tandem rotor.Wavelet transform,fast Fourier transform analysis,and visual inspection of casing pressure traces are used to analyze the unsteady result of the tandem rotor in clean and distorted flow.The tandem rotor is able to achieve its design pressure ratio and has a stall margin of 9%under the clean flow condition.Initially,stall appears as a low-intensity spike for all the cases,which turns into a long length-scale disturbance within three rotor revolutions.A modal wave of low frequency is also observed under clean and distorted inflows.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20136010).
文摘Liquid phase axial mixing was measured with the tracer technique in a packed column with inner diameter of 0.15m, in which the structured packing, Mellapak 350Y, was installed. Tap water as the liquid phase flowed down through the column and stagnant gas was at elevated pressure ranging from atmospheric to 2.0MPa. The model parameters of Bo and 9 were estimated with the least square method in the time domain. As liquid flow rate was increased, the liquid axial mixing decreased. Under our experimental conditions, the effect of pressure on Bo number on single liquid phase was negligible, and eddy diffusion was believed to be the primary cause of axial mixing in liquid phase.
基金the financial support of this work by Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology and Kyushu University’s Global COE program
文摘Tracer gas technique is a method to analyze the airflow path, measure the airflow quantity, and detect any recirculation or leakages in underground mine. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the axial gas diffusion of gas in turbulent bulk flow by utilizing the tracer gas data. This paper discussed about the measurement using tracer gas technique in Cibaliung Underground Mine, Indonesia and the evaluation of effective axial diffusion coefficient, E, by numerical simulation. In addition, a scheme to treat network flow in mine ventilation system was also proposed. The effective axial diffusion coefficient for each airway was evaluated based on Taylor's theoretical equation. It is found that the evaluated diffusion coefficient agrees well with Taylor's equation by considering that the wall friction factor, f, is higher than those for smooth pipe flow. It also shows that the value of effective diffusion coefficient can be inherently determined and the value is constant when matching with other measurements. Furthermore, there are possibilities to utilize the tracer gas measurement data to evaluate the airway friction factors.
