Most infants who are later diagnosed with autism show delayed speech and language and/or atypical language profile.There is a large body of research on abnormal speech and language in children with autism.However,audi...Most infants who are later diagnosed with autism show delayed speech and language and/or atypical language profile.There is a large body of research on abnormal speech and language in children with autism.However,auditory development has been relatively under-investigated in autism research,despite its inextricable relationship with language development and despite researchers'ability to detect abnormalities in brain development and behavior in early infancy.In this review,we synthesize research on auditory processing in the prenatal period through infancy and childhood in typically developing children,children at high risk for autism,and children diagnosed with autism.We conclude that there are clear neurobiological and behavioral links between abnormal auditory development and the deficits in social communication seen in autism.We then offer perspectives on the need for a systematic characterization of early auditory development in autism,and identified questions to be addressed in future research on the development of autism.展开更多
The goal of this study was to translate the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire into Yoruba language for use with Yoruba-speaking parents and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of questionnaire...The goal of this study was to translate the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire into Yoruba language for use with Yoruba-speaking parents and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of questionnaire. Translation of the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire into Yoruba language was done using a back-translation method. The study participants included 423 parents of normal hearing children aged6 e24 months. Psychometric analyses(scale analysis and item analysis) of the translated questionnaire was done. The scale characteristics in the dataset are: Internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha?0.907;reliability; Split-half?0.701; predictive accuracy; Guttman's lambda?0.583; correlation between total score and children's age?0.783. The regression analysis showed that 75.3% of the variance in the total scores can be explained by age. The Yoruba version of the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire is a dependable and valid tool as evidenced by the results of psychometric analyses. The tool is useful for assessing auditory development in children between 6 and 24 months of age.展开更多
目的研究早期气导听觉剥夺对大鼠听性脑干反应(ABR)和Corti器基底膜发育的影响。方法 SD仔鼠共60只,随机分为听觉剥夺组及对照组,每组30只。听觉剥夺组行双外耳道填塞后饲养于密闭隔声室,对照组在正常声音环境饲养,两组动物分别于出生...目的研究早期气导听觉剥夺对大鼠听性脑干反应(ABR)和Corti器基底膜发育的影响。方法 SD仔鼠共60只,随机分为听觉剥夺组及对照组,每组30只。听觉剥夺组行双外耳道填塞后饲养于密闭隔声室,对照组在正常声音环境饲养,两组动物分别于出生后21、28、35、42及56天时行ABR检测,42及56天时应用扫描电镜观察Corti器基底膜发育情况。结果对照组大鼠ABR反应阈随年龄增长呈下降趋势,56天时为24.17 dB SPL,基本达到正常成年大鼠水平,听觉剥夺组大鼠随饲养时间延长ABR反应阈较对照组明显增高,35天时增高至39.47 dB SPL,去除双外耳道填塞物后ABR反应阈无明显恢复。扫描电镜可见对照组Corti器基底膜外毛细胞纤毛排列整齐,听觉剥夺组基底膜外毛细胞表面形成大量细小囊泡,纤毛末端膨大、融合。结论出生后早期气导听觉剥夺可造成大鼠Corti器基底膜发育异常以及听觉障碍,表明气导听觉传入在听觉发育过程中起着十分重要的作用。展开更多
Purinergic P2 receptors,activated by endogenous ATP,are prominently expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells during development of the auditory periphery and central auditory neurons.In the mature cochlea,extracell...Purinergic P2 receptors,activated by endogenous ATP,are prominently expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells during development of the auditory periphery and central auditory neurons.In the mature cochlea,extracellular ATP contributes to ion homeostasis,and has a protective function against noise exposure.Here,we focus on the modulation of activity by extracellular ATP during early postnatal development of the lower auditory pathway.In mammals,spontaneous patterned activity is conveyed along afferent auditory pathways before the onset of acoustically evoked signal processing.During this critical developmental period,inner hair cells fire bursts of action potentials that are believed to provide a developmental code for synaptic maturation and refinement of auditory circuits,thereby establishing a precise tonotopic organization.Endogenous ATP-release triggers such patterned activity by raising the extracellular K+concentration and contributes to firing by increasing the excitability of auditory nerve fibers,spiral ganglion neurons,and specific neuron types within the auditory brainstem,through the activation of diverse P2 receptors.We review recent studies that provide new models on the contribution of purinergic signaling to early development of the afferent auditory pathway.Further,we discuss potential future directions of purinergic research in the auditory system.展开更多
目的通过对1例5岁听障儿童植入人工耳蜗后进行阶段性言语听觉反应评估（Evaluation of Auditory Response to Speech，EARS），纵向比较、动态评价听障儿童在不同阶段的听觉发展情况，从而为制订康复训练计划提供依据。方法使用EARS评...目的通过对1例5岁听障儿童植入人工耳蜗后进行阶段性言语听觉反应评估（Evaluation of Auditory Response to Speech，EARS），纵向比较、动态评价听障儿童在不同阶段的听觉发展情况，从而为制订康复训练计划提供依据。方法使用EARS评估词表及标准评估程序对该儿童进行评估，对评估成绩进行分析。结果该儿童的听觉言语发展水平整体上呈现出不断进步的趋势，尤其是在开放式单音节词、问句、语言细节句子3项测试上进步明显；听觉发展、音节、封闭式单音节词3项测试第一次测试成绩已较好，因而进步不明显；封闭式句子、声调成绩不稳定。结论EARS评估可动态监测听障儿童听觉发展的过程，为制订教学计划提供依据；经过人工耳蜗术后9个月的训练，该听障儿童具备了听觉识别能力，听觉理解能力也在逐步发展。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900775,31571136)the SCNU Young Faculty Research Award(18KJ09)the Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)。
文摘Most infants who are later diagnosed with autism show delayed speech and language and/or atypical language profile.There is a large body of research on abnormal speech and language in children with autism.However,auditory development has been relatively under-investigated in autism research,despite its inextricable relationship with language development and despite researchers'ability to detect abnormalities in brain development and behavior in early infancy.In this review,we synthesize research on auditory processing in the prenatal period through infancy and childhood in typically developing children,children at high risk for autism,and children diagnosed with autism.We conclude that there are clear neurobiological and behavioral links between abnormal auditory development and the deficits in social communication seen in autism.We then offer perspectives on the need for a systematic characterization of early auditory development in autism,and identified questions to be addressed in future research on the development of autism.
文摘The goal of this study was to translate the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire into Yoruba language for use with Yoruba-speaking parents and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of questionnaire. Translation of the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire into Yoruba language was done using a back-translation method. The study participants included 423 parents of normal hearing children aged6 e24 months. Psychometric analyses(scale analysis and item analysis) of the translated questionnaire was done. The scale characteristics in the dataset are: Internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha?0.907;reliability; Split-half?0.701; predictive accuracy; Guttman's lambda?0.583; correlation between total score and children's age?0.783. The regression analysis showed that 75.3% of the variance in the total scores can be explained by age. The Yoruba version of the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire is a dependable and valid tool as evidenced by the results of psychometric analyses. The tool is useful for assessing auditory development in children between 6 and 24 months of age.
文摘目的研究早期气导听觉剥夺对大鼠听性脑干反应(ABR)和Corti器基底膜发育的影响。方法 SD仔鼠共60只,随机分为听觉剥夺组及对照组,每组30只。听觉剥夺组行双外耳道填塞后饲养于密闭隔声室,对照组在正常声音环境饲养,两组动物分别于出生后21、28、35、42及56天时行ABR检测,42及56天时应用扫描电镜观察Corti器基底膜发育情况。结果对照组大鼠ABR反应阈随年龄增长呈下降趋势,56天时为24.17 dB SPL,基本达到正常成年大鼠水平,听觉剥夺组大鼠随饲养时间延长ABR反应阈较对照组明显增高,35天时增高至39.47 dB SPL,去除双外耳道填塞物后ABR反应阈无明显恢复。扫描电镜可见对照组Corti器基底膜外毛细胞纤毛排列整齐,听觉剥夺组基底膜外毛细胞表面形成大量细小囊泡,纤毛末端膨大、融合。结论出生后早期气导听觉剥夺可造成大鼠Corti器基底膜发育异常以及听觉障碍,表明气导听觉传入在听觉发育过程中起着十分重要的作用。
基金the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG Grant 954/3-1)as a part of the priority program 1608“Ultrafast and temporally precise information processing:normal and dysfunctional hearing”。
文摘Purinergic P2 receptors,activated by endogenous ATP,are prominently expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells during development of the auditory periphery and central auditory neurons.In the mature cochlea,extracellular ATP contributes to ion homeostasis,and has a protective function against noise exposure.Here,we focus on the modulation of activity by extracellular ATP during early postnatal development of the lower auditory pathway.In mammals,spontaneous patterned activity is conveyed along afferent auditory pathways before the onset of acoustically evoked signal processing.During this critical developmental period,inner hair cells fire bursts of action potentials that are believed to provide a developmental code for synaptic maturation and refinement of auditory circuits,thereby establishing a precise tonotopic organization.Endogenous ATP-release triggers such patterned activity by raising the extracellular K+concentration and contributes to firing by increasing the excitability of auditory nerve fibers,spiral ganglion neurons,and specific neuron types within the auditory brainstem,through the activation of diverse P2 receptors.We review recent studies that provide new models on the contribution of purinergic signaling to early development of the afferent auditory pathway.Further,we discuss potential future directions of purinergic research in the auditory system.
文摘目的通过对1例5岁听障儿童植入人工耳蜗后进行阶段性言语听觉反应评估（Evaluation of Auditory Response to Speech，EARS），纵向比较、动态评价听障儿童在不同阶段的听觉发展情况，从而为制订康复训练计划提供依据。方法使用EARS评估词表及标准评估程序对该儿童进行评估，对评估成绩进行分析。结果该儿童的听觉言语发展水平整体上呈现出不断进步的趋势，尤其是在开放式单音节词、问句、语言细节句子3项测试上进步明显；听觉发展、音节、封闭式单音节词3项测试第一次测试成绩已较好，因而进步不明显；封闭式句子、声调成绩不稳定。结论EARS评估可动态监测听障儿童听觉发展的过程，为制订教学计划提供依据；经过人工耳蜗术后9个月的训练，该听障儿童具备了听觉识别能力，听觉理解能力也在逐步发展。
